Study of Cytomorphological Pattern of Urine in Cigarette Smokers in Khartoum State

Abstract

This is a screening study carried out in University of Sudan Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences Histopathology and Cytology department, during the period from April to August 2011. To assess the Cytomorphological pattern of urine deposit among cigarette smokers, using conventional cytological stain Papanicolaou stain. 150 individuals participated in the study, 100 were cigarette smokers, and 50 individual were non smoker, the duration of smoking was variable and the numbers of cigarettes smoked per day was also variable, individual with history of urinary tract infections were excluded from the study,. Smear were prepared, fixed in 95% Ethyl alcohol and stained with Papanicolaou stain then examined under the microscope. The cytological assessment reveals the following: 128 (85.3%) normal, 18 (12%) inflammatory changes and 4 (2.7%) reported with a typical changes, the association between age group and cytological results in age group ranged from 46 to 55years 9(6%) cases inflammatory changes with p value 0.000 sig, while association between duration of smoking per years and cytological result, smokes for 21 to 26years 10(10%) inflammatory changes and 2(2%) a typical changes with p value 0.000 significant, and number of cigarettes smoking per day for cytological result 7(7%) inflammatory changes and 3(3%) a typical changes with p value 0.000 sig. On the basis of this study and review of literature we conclude that: Cigarettes smoking is one of risk factor of inflammatory and atypical changes that can be studied using urine cytology, atypical Cytomorphological changed is associated with older age, longer duration and large number of cigarettes smoking per day.