Association Between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common malignancy in childhood and represents about 85% of childhood acute leukemia, also it occurs in adults but is uncommon 15% of adult acute leukemia. Major Renin Angiotensin system components (RAS) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are present in human umbilical cord blood cells and BM, ACE serve as stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors, and involved in pathological neoplastic hematopoiesis and leukogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A total of 96 subjects were recruited for this case control study, 48 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia 48 healthy volunteers as a control group. Blood samples were collected from all participants in EDTA anticoagulant container, genomic DNA was extracted by salting out method, and the ACE I/D polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified fragments separated on 2% agarose gel stained with ethidium promide and demonstrated by gel documentation system. Patients’ data was collected from patients’ medical files, and analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version11.5. The DD genotype of ACE I/D polymorphism was the most frequent in both leukemic patients and control group (52.1% and 54.2% respectively) than ID genotype (47.9% and 45.8% respectively), also the II genotype was totally absent. According to gender, there was no statically significant difference in genotypes distribution (P.value =0.404). The results showed no statistically significant difference in mean of age in ALL patients when compared in the two ACE genotypes,(Mean± SD 12.7 ±11.5 and14.3 ±20. 4) for DD and ID respectively, P.value= (0. 726). In conclusion, there was no statistically significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia among Sudanese patients.