Abstract:
The aim of this study was to study the antibacterial
activity of the
different concentrations of n-hexane,
chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of
the medicinal plants Zingebir officinal (roots), Nigella sativa
(seeds) and Matricaria recutita (flowers) using agar wells
diffusion method. The study was conducted in Khartoum
State, Sudan, during the period from March to August 2011.
157 samples were collected as follows: 32 samples were
wounds, 51 urine, 20 stool, 4 abscess fluid and 50 sputum.
From the mentioned samples, 120 pathogenic bacteria were
isolated and identified as follows: 26 pathogenic bacteria,
belonging to 9 different genera (Staphylococcus aureus,
Enterococcus faecales, Echerichia coli, Klepsiella sp, Proteus
sp,
Pesudomonas
Citrobacter
sp),
sp,
were
Salmonella
selected
to
sp,
be
Serratia
sp
identified
and
using
biochemical reactions, API technique and chromogenic agar.
Each plants used for extraction was obtained from two
different
sources,
Ethiopian
Zingebir
officinal,
Zingiber officinal, Syrian Nigella sativa, Ethiopian
Nigerian
Nigella
sativa, Egyptian Matricaria recutita and Sudanese Matricaria
recutita. Plants extraction was carried out using soxhlet and
aqueous extraction methods.
The susceptibility testing was conducted for the above
mentioned bacteria against four antibiotics (gentamycin,
ampicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline) and the extracts
from the aforementioned plant. Comparisons between the
results of susceptibility testing against antibiotics and plants
extracts were conducted.
The results showed that the
aqueous extracts from all the tested medicinal plants did not
show any activity against all the tested pathogenic bacteria
while alcoholic extractions showed remarkable antibacterial
activity except methanolic extracts of Syrian and Ethiopian
Nigella sativa which did not show any activity against all the
tested pathogenic bacteria. Phytochemical screening was
conducted for the most effective extracts of Ethiopian
Zingiber officinal ethyl acetate extract, Ethiopian Nigella
sativa chloroform extract and Sudanese Matricaria recutita
methanolic extract. The results showed the presence of some
differences in the constituents of the
three different plants
extracts. Ethiopian Zingiber officinal ethyl acetate extract
contained
alkaloids, anthraquinone glycosides, cumarins,
flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpens. Ethiopian Nigella
sativa chloroform extract contained cumarins, flavonoids,
triterpens
methanolic
and
sterols.
extract
Sudanese
contained
Matricaria
alkaloids,
retutica
anthraquinone
glycosides, cumarins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpens
and sterols. Cyanogenic glycosides were absent in the three
extracts.
