Angiotensinogen Gene M235T Polymorphism and Serum Renin, Aldosterone Hormones Levels among Sudanese patients with Essential Hypertension

Abstract

Background and objectives: Essential hypertension (EHT) is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. It is a complex trait resulting from the interactions of multiple genetic and environmental factors. EHT is common in the general population by its increasing incidences, thus recently researchers suggested that Angiotensingen gen (M235T) polymorphism may be the functional genotypes in hypertensive patients. Therefore the aimed of the study to evaluate Angiotensinogen polymorphisms (M235T) as well as its relation to serum levels of renin and aldosterone hormones among Sudanese hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: In a case control study, 96 patients with EHT and 79 healthy apparently controls were enrolled. The clinical data were obtained and serum renin and aldosterone levels were measured using ELISA technique. The AGT gene polymorphism (M235T) was identified by PCR–RFLP analysis. Results:Serum Renin was differ significantly between the hypertensive group (94.3±43.8) Pg/mL and the control group (16.3±14.4) Pg/mL with p=0.00. However, Serum Aldosterone was differ significantly between hypertensive group (26.7±12.9) Pg/mL and the control group (19.5±10.5) Pg/mL with p=0.05.Analysis of allele frequency showed that, MM, MT and TT genotypes of AGT gene polymorphism (M235T) for hypertensive patients were 91.7%, 8.3%, and 0% respectively and that for the normotensive group was 96.2%, 3.8%, and 0%. Statistically no significant difference was found (p=0.219). Conclusion: The study concluded that there was no association between the polymorphism (M235T) of the AGT gene and EHT, whereas association observed with serum renin and aldosterone levels in hypertensive patients. Also there was significant association between family history and Main Arterial Blood Pressure(MAP) in essential hypertensive patients.