Molecular Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Patients With Urinary Tract Infections in Khartoum State

Abstract

Recent studies have reported the increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). The resistance of S. aureus to commonly used antibiotics in different parts of the world has been widely reported. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been steadily increasing in the world. The study aimed to report the frequency of S. aureus and MRSA among urinary isolates and its antimicrobial resistance profile from patients with UTI in Khartoum state, Sudan. The study was carried out using 332 urinary bacterial isolates collected from different Khartoum hospitals. Identification of isolates was done by using conventional biochemical methods. All Gram positive bacteria were tested for their antimicrobial resistance to various antibiotics in vitro by the Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. Using oxacillin screen agar test, all S. aureus isolates were screened for MRSA and confirmed by detecting the mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 332 urinary isolates, 114(34.3%) were Gram positive bacteria. Fifty of the 332 (15%) were S. aureus. Among the 50 S. aureus, the number of MRSA isolates was 39 (78%). Gram positive isolates revealed that the maximum sensitivity was seen for vancomycin (90%) followed by norfloxacin (86%), cephalexin (74.6%), and tetracycline (66.7%). MRSA bacteria showed maximum resistance to nitrofurantoin (84.6%) followed by cefotaxime (71.8%) and gentamicin (64.1%) while minimum resistance was seen with vancomycin (0%) followed by norfloxacin (18%) and tetracycline (28.2%).