Assessment of Microalbuminuria and Lactate Dehydrogenase as Early Indicators of Renal Impairment among Sudanese Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in North Kordofan State

Abstract

Sickle cell anemia is widely spread throughout the world and the effects of it on human health are serious. This is a case control study was done in Elobied city in Sudan sickle cell anemia center (SSCAC) during July to September 2016 among Sudanese children with sickle cell anemia. Hundred Sudanese children were included in this study (60 children with sickle cell disease were selected as test group and 40 healthy children without sickle cell disease as control group (age was matched )) , blood and urine specimen were collected from both groups and microalbuminuria and lactate dehydrogenase were analyzed by using BTS-350 Biosystem spectrophotomer. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS computer program , the results showed a significant increase in mean of microalbuminuria (20.15±17.93mg/l) and lactate dehydrogenase (932.86±324.04u/l) in children with sickle cell disease when compared to children without sickle cell disease (control group) P.value=(0.000), (0.000) respectively . The result showed significant positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase and microalbuminuria (r=0.533 p.value=0.000). The results also showed a insignificant correlation between age and microalbuminuria level and a significant positive correlation between age and lactate dehydrogenase level , microalbuminuria ( r=0.248 p.value=0.056) and lactate dehydrogenase level (r=0.274 p.value=0.03). Statistical analysis also showed a significant negative correlation between hemoglobin and microalbuminuia and a significant negative correlation between hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase (r=-0.342 p.value 0.008) and lactate dehydrodenase (r=-0.460 p.value-0.000) respectively. The study result revealed that there was significant elevation of lactate dehydrogenase with microalbuminuria in children with sickle cell anemia and sickle cell anemia disease leads to a significant elevation of lactate dehydrogenase with age and significant elevation of MAU and LDH were inversely with Hemoglobin level .