Immunohistochemical Detection of Gene Bcl2 in Breast Tumors

Abstract

This is analytical retrospective study conducted in Omdurman Teaching Hospital and Soba Teaching Hospital in Khartoum state, during the period from September 2015 to May 2016. The study aimed tostudythe role of Bcl2 expression in differentiation between malignant and benign breast tumors. Forty paraffin embedded blocks previously diagnosed as breast tumors were collected. Samples include 30(75%) malignant tumors, including invasive ductal carcinoma 27(67.5%) samples, micro papillary carcinoma 1(2.5%) sample, metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma 1(2.5%) sample,low grade sarcoma 1 (2.5%) sample. And 10(25%) samples were benign tumors, includeingfibroadenoma 7(17.5%) samples, gynaecomastia 1(2.5%) sample, ductal ectasia 1(2.5%) sample, and granulomatous mastitis 1(2.5%) sample. The patient's age ranged between 16 and 70 years with mean age of 43 years, most patients were less than 40 years representing 24(60%) and the remaining 16 (40%) patients were more than 40 years. One section of 3µm thickness was cut from each paraffin block by rotary microtome and stained by immunohistochemical method (modified new indirect method) for detection of Bcl2. Data collected from patients files and results were analyzed using SPSS computer program frequencies mean and chi-square test values were calculated. Immunohistochemical expression of Bcl2 was revealed positive result in 14/30 samples and negative result in 16/30 samples in malignant, while all benign tumors gave negative result for Bcl2, with significant statistical association between Bcl2 expression and histopathology diagnosis (P=0.007). 13 breast cancers Bcl2 positive samples, 3(11.1%) samples were grade 1, 3(11.1%) samples were grade11 and 7(25.9%) samples grade111, and negative in 10(37%) samples. With statistical association between Bcl2 expression and grade of cancer (P=0.035). This study concludes that there is association between Bcl2 expression and malignant tumors of breast. There is association between Bcl2 expression and the grade of cancer.