Prevalence and Risk factors of Major ticks Borne Disease in Bovine in Khartoum State – Sudan

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State to estimate the prevalence of the major Ticks Borne Diseases and identified associated risk factors ,case history(age ,sex ,body condition ,dehydration, facial condition),body temperature ,packed cell value . This study was done between August to December 2015 in cattle farms in 3 districts of Khartoum State ,( Khartoum ,Omdurman and Bahri) blood were collected from cattle randomly selected from sampling farms and at the same time data such temperature and case history . The collected blood were screened for TBDs using microscopic examination after blood smear stained with giemsa stain preparation .The risk factor identification was done using a pre-tested questionnaire which was administered simultaneously with the blood sampling. The factors assessed included types of cattle breeds ,sex ,age ,body condition ,dehydration ,faces ,vector problems ,vector control and lymph node enlargement related to Theileriosis. Prevalence estimates, including the 95% confidence interval, were determined for each localities as a whole. The Fisher’s exact test was used to test for associations between diseases positivity on the farm and the hypothesized risk factor and student sample t-test was done to determined the effect of Temperature ,PCV and Hb among sex, ROC graf draw to estimate sensitivity of PCV to detected anemia . A total of 100 blood samples from Khartoum (n=40) Bahri (n=30) and Omdurman(n=30) were screened. The estimated prevalence in Khartoum State was 34, 38% and 20% (95% CI) for Theileriosis ,Anaplasmoisis and Bebesiosis respectively ,Anaplasma spp considered highest prevalence in the Khartoum state followed it Theileria spp and Babesia spp, The prevalence's according to localities, Khartoum district had high prevalence in Theileria and Anaplasma compared to other localities A univariate analysis of risk factors showed that the method of acquiring a farm was the most important risk factor. However, other factor such as significant at 75% confidence level. The study therefore highlights the need for effective control measures to be put in place to reduce the observed TBDS prevalence's