Characterization of Heart Wall Changes in Diabetes Mellitus Patients type II Using Echocardiography

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose concentration. It may be a consequence of either the body does not produce enough insulin or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Diabetes is major cause to cardiovascular disease which lead to morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to Characterization of Heart wall changes in patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus using Echocardiography, in this study a total of 243 individual divided into two groups (130 control group we named Non-diabetes and 113 diabetes patients. Age ranged from 30 to 85 years with mean 55.8 years ±SD 13.6. The study corned only in echocardiography department in El Rebat educational Hospital in Khartoum state, in Sudan. The biographic data collected include (age, gender, job status, past medical history and duration of diabetes 1to 20 years with mean 9.2 years ±5) and the other main echo parameters and findings, All were collected in data sheet collection and the data was analyzed using IBM SPSS(Standard Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22). The result of this study they revealed the Compare Means of Echocardiography parameters between Non- diabetes and diabetes patients Type II as body mass index the non-diabetes mean was 23.2 Kg/m2 ±4.7 and diabetes mean was 25.4Kg/m2 ± 5.4 with p-value .001, Interventricular septal thickness the non-diabetes mean 11.06 mm ± 1.8 diabetes mean 12.08 mm ± 2 with p-value .000 and Left ventricular posterior wall Diameter non-diabetes mean 9.61 mm ±1.56 diabetes mean 10.39 mm ± 1.4 with p-value .000. On the other hand the studies manifested the Compare Means of Echocardiography parameters Diabetes patients Type II between male and female as Body mass index the male diabetes mean was 23.1Kg/m2 ± 2.9 and female diabetes mean was 27.0Kg/m2 ± 6.2 with p-value 0.000101, Aortic root diameter the male diabetes mean was 31.09 mm ±3.4 and female diabetes mean was 28.15 mm ±3.6 the p-value 0.000026, left atrial diameter the male diabetes mean was 36.87 mm ±4.2 and female diabetes mean was 34.47 mm ± 3.7 the p-value 0.001856, Left ventricular diastolic diameter the male diabetes mean was 46.87 mm ± 5.2 and female diabetes mean was 44.47 mm ± 5.5 p-value 0.021and Left Ventricle systolic diameter the male diabetes mean was 30.64 mm ± 5.3 and female diabetes mean was 28.6 mm ± 5 p-value 0.046. Lastly they showed the correlation of Echocardiography finding parameters in diabetic patients Type II, between Inter ventricular septal diameter and Left ventricular posterior wall Diameter Pearson Correlation 0.739 with p-value 0.000, between Inter ventricular septal diameter and Aortic root diameter Pearson Correlation .360 p-value 0.000, between Inter ventricular septal diameter and Left ventricular diastolic diameter Pearson Correlation - 0.224 p-value and 0.017, between Inter ventricular septal diameter and Ejection fracture Pearson Correlation .186 and p-value 0.048, Left ventricular diastolic diameter and Ejection fracture Pearson Correlation - 0.326 and p-value 0.000, between Left Ventricle systolic diameter and Ejection fracture Pearson Correlation -.644 and p-value 0.000. The study confirm that echocardiography is a valuable tool for evaluation of patients with Diabetes Mullets Type II. This study confirmed that; age, gender, body mass index, and echocardiography parameters show significant association with Heart failure risk worldwide (p 0.001- 0.05).