Association of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases and Blood Groups of Blood Donors in Khartoum State 2015

Abstract

Screening of blood is mandatory for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) and is routinely done in the blood banks. As blood is the major source transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus ,Syphilis and many other diseases the hazards can be minimized by effective donor selection and screening. This retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank of International laboratory centre for a period of four months. To find out the correlation between the transfusions transmitted diseases and blood groups and the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV & syphilis among the apparently healthy human blood donors. All voluntary and replacement donors reporting to the blood bank were screened for HIV-1 & 2, HBsAg, HCV and Syphilis. Anti–HIV -1 & 2, HBsAg & anti - HCV was tested using the appropriate Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique using micro–elisa kit. The seropositive samples were again tested on ELISA kits of RFCL for further confirmation & ruling out any false positive or false negative results. The rapid plasma regain (RPR) test was used for estimation of syphilis infection. The data entry was carried out using Microsoft office excel worksheet and was analysed by percentage and comparison. The study was done on the samples of 500 apparently healthy human blood donors and it was found that “yes”, there does seem to be a preference of a particular infection to a particular blood group , Seroprevalence of HIV (10%), HCV (25%), HBsAg (20%) and syphilis (10%) was detected. . In the study done it was also noted - that the Rh NEGATIVE blood groups were more prone to TTIs. Blood group A negative was more prone to TTIs with HIV, HBsAg and VDRL while blood group B negative was more affected by HCV. Seroprevalence of these infections shows that routine screening is a must for blood and blood product safe transfusion. Do negative blood groups predispose to TTIs? A finding which makes us thinks….