Isolation and identification of some biologically active compounds from some Sudanese medicinal plants

Abstract

Chrozophora Plicata (argassi), Senna Singueana (Umm saaba) and Stylochiton borumensis (Moura) plants are widely used in traditional medicine to treat bacterial, fungal and viral infections. As a result there was need to investigate extracts of these plants and to provide scientific proof for their wide application in traditional medicine system . Extraction of leaves and seeds of C. Plicata, S. Singueana and leaves of S. borumensis using solvents of increasing polarity, namely, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. For qualititative and quantitative estimation of the secondary metabolites compounds of this plants and found that they contain flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and glycosides in different concentration of the plants. The steroid was extracted from chloroform extracts of leaves and seeds of the plants and identified by GC-MS. The fixed oil was extracted using petroleum ether and identified the fatty acids using gas chromatography mass spectrometer. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts for all plants of this study showed high antioxidant scavenging activity using DPPH method. S. borumensis leaves contained high concentration of essential and non essential amino acids, S. Singueana and C. Plicata leaves contained high concentration ranges of alanine, glutamic and leucine: 754.7-633.7 ppm, 835.9- 922.4 ppm, and 731.6-728.6 ppm, respectively. The percentages of total forms of Pb, Cu and As, in the reference plant material were found to be 5.28%, 0.25% and 1.51% respectively; meanwhile toxic concentrations of heavy metals in the examined plants material were not detected when compared with reference material. The extracts were tested for anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities, Using disc diffusion method, by used two gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, S. aureus,), two gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and two unit-fungal (C. albicans, A. niger), it was demonstrated that extracts of the leaves and seeds of C. Plicata had high anti-bacterial activities against tested organism and low anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans but all extracts of leaves and seeds of the plants showed high activity against A. niger. S. Borumensis leaves showed that the petroleum ether and chloroform extracts were not active against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa but the extracts showed high antifungal activity. All seeds and leaves extracts of the plants under study displayed moderate toxicity against Brine Shrimps lethality. All extracts of C. Plicata leaves and seeds were non toxic against vero cell lines suggesting that they were safe. All leaves and seeds extracts of C. Plicata were active against G. lambelia; chloroform and methanol extracts for leaves and seeds respectively, were the most effective compared to that exhibited by metronidazole drug (89%). Two new compounds were isolated from methanol extract of the leaves of Chrozophora plicata. The new compounds were elucidated by (MS) and (NMR): 1- Kaempferol -3-O-C1″ glucose 2- Methyl 2-[3-hydroxy-5-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]butanoate C. Plicata, S. Singueana and S. borumensis revealed variation in various biochemicals analysed; their seeds and leaves could be helpful for pharmaceutical, antimicrobial and antioxidants agents as well as food industries