Thesis Submitted for Partial Fulfillment of academic Requirements for the degree of Master in Diagnostic Ultrasound

Abstract

Thyroid nodules became very common diseases in our society and affected males and females, and these nodules not only causing palpable neck mass but may be cancerous. This studty conducted in Jazzira stae in Wad Medani teaching Hospital, Abo osher Hospital and Jazeera University diagnostic centre during the period from Aprill 2011 to march 2015. The problem of this study that there is no any sonographic investigations concern with patient had thyroid nodules, the importance of this is how sonography helps in diagnosig thyroid nodules whether benign or malignant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sonographic features of thyroid nodules versus biopsy . The study followed the global protocol to achieve examinaton of the neck by ultrasound. The neck ultrasound was done by direct adhesion technolgy with linear transducer of high frequency ranged between 5to 7.5 MHz. The number of patients included in this study was(100) patients. The femals patients were more than males(74-26, 74% and 26, respectively). The ages of female patients ranged between 25 to 66 years old and the male patients ranged between 26 to 66 years old. 60% of patients came from Centarl Sudan, 30% of patients from Eastern Sudan and 10% of patients from Western Sudan. The result of this study found that there were73% of thyroid nodules of well defined margin and 27% of poor defined margin, there were 91% of nodules had no vascularity while 9%of nodules with internal vascularity. It found that 60% had cystic , 25% hypoechoenicity, 12% of thyroid nodules were echogenic and 3%were isoechoic. It found that there were 7% of had nodules had microcalcifiction and 93% had no microcalcification. It found that there were 82% of nodules smaller in size(less than 2cm)while 18% more than 2cm. It's found that the majority of patients ninety percent who had thyroid nodules were benign while the ten percent of patients were thyroid malignant nodules. It found that the benign thyroid nodules almost had similar sonographic characteristics which of well defined margin, no internal blood flow within the nodule by using Doppler, no calcification within the nodule and had cystic or echogenic pattern and occured in patients less than 45 years old. It found that the malignant thyroid nodules had ill defined margin, had internal blood flow by using Doppler, slightly larger in size, presence of micro calcification within the nodule, solitary and had hypoechoic sonographic pattern and always occurred in patients more than 55 years old