Assessment of haemodynamic changes of intrarenal arteries in Sudanese diabetic patients

Abstract

Diabetes is worldwide in distribution and the incidence of both types of primary diabetes is rising due to genetic and environmental factors. Diabetes may cause life- threatening metabolic complications associated with permanent and irreversible functional and structural cells changes. Diagnostic ultrasound has become one of the most important investigations used in the assessment of vascular disease as it provides accurate information on the flow of blood in the arteries and veins. This study aimed to evaluate hemodynamic changes of the intra-renal arteries resistivity indices (RI) related to diabetes mellitus (DM) using 2D B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. This study was carried out at diabetic referring clinics of Omdurman teaching Hospital for 100 patients with known diabetes with and without hypertension as sample and 50 normal individuals as controls. The females were 64 representing64% and males were 36 representing 36%, their ages ranged between 34-65 years and the disease duration was in the range of 1-30 years. Controls were18 males representing 36% and 32females representing 64%, their ages ranged between 39-71 years. All patients and controls were underwent ultrasonography assessment of renal size, cortical echogenicity and the intra-renal arteries resistive index(RI) for upper, middle and lower poles and their clinical history were registered. The body mass index (BMI) and diabetic duration were assessed. The study results showed that there were changes in the renal size and cortical echogenicity .The Intra-renal arterial resistive index (RI) of the Sudanese diabetic patients was higher than that of the controls and this increment was statistically significant. The increment of Intra-renal arterial resistive index (RI) of diabetics is positively correlated with age and duration of disease. The (BMI) was inversely related to the intra-renal arterial (RI). There was insignificant difference in intra-renal arterial (RI) between hypertensive diabetics and non-hypertensive diabetics. Sudanese females are more affected by diabetes than Sudanese males.