Volume 2 No. 1

Histometric Investigations on the Adrenal Gland of the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Thu, 26 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Histometric Investigations on the Adrenal Gland of the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) E.E, Osman; H. A., Ali; Z. H, Ibrahim The histometry of the adrenal glands of the dromedary camel (Camelusdromedarius) was described for the first time in this study. Histological samples of the camel right and left adrenal glands collected from eight adult camels of both sexes at AL-Salam abattoir, Khartoum, Sudan were used in this study. Histometric measurements were performed on glandular capsule (Ca), cortical zones {zona glomerulosa (ZG), zona fasciculata (ZF), zona reticularis (ZR)} and glandular medulla (M). The right ZF which measured about 58.5% of the total cortical thickness was significantly thicker (P< 0.05) than the right ZG (18.2%) and right ZR (23.3%), whereas the right ZG and ZR were approximately equal in thickness. The right cortex (RCo) which formed 56.4% of the total glandular thickness was significantly thicker (P< 0.05) than the right medulla (RM) that measured 43.6 %. The left ZF (61.9% of the total cortical thickness) was significantly thicker than the left ZG and left ZR (16. 5% and 21.6%, respectively).The mean thickness of the left cortex (LCo) that formed 58.0 % of the total glandular thickness was significantly increased compared to the left medulla (LM) (41.9 %). Comparing the right gland with the left showed that the mean thickness of the right capsule (RCa) was in-significantly increased (P ˃ 0.05 than the left capsule (LCa); in-significant increase (P ˃ 0.05) was also observed in the mean thickness of the RCo compared to that of the LCo; the mean thickness of the RM was in-significantly increased compared to the LM. Furthermore, there was significant increase in the mean thickness of the RZG compared to the LZG and significant increase in the RZR than the LZR; however, an in-significant increase was shown in the RZF in comparison with LZF; additionally, the mean thickness of the RZF and LZF was greater than other two cortical layers. In conclusion, the ZF was the thickest zona in the cortex of camel adrenal gland and the ZG was the thinnest in both right and left glands; further, the cortex was generally thicker than the medulla in either side and the glandular capsule, cortical zones and medulla of the right adrenal glands are collectively thicker than those in the left one

Proximate Analysis and Rumen Degradation of Some Common Feeds in Camels, Khartoum State , Sudan

Sat, 03 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Proximate Analysis and Rumen Degradation of Some Common Feeds in Camels, Khartoum State , Sudan Elsaid, Hassna; Elimam, Mohamed; Talib, Nuha; Elbasheer, Salwa The new ruminant protein systems require information on feeds degradation characteristics. Currently in Sudan the information on rumen degradation in camels is not available. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the rumen degradation and degradation characteristics of some common feeds namely; Medicago sativa (Barseem), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum Feterita grains), Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut cake) , Gossypium barbadense (Cottonseed cake) and Sorghum husks (“Seewa”). In addition the concentrate ration fed to the camels . The study was conducted at the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Khartoum State. The proximate analysis of the feed samples was determined. Three rumen fistulated camels were used to study the rumen degradation. The animals were fed Medicago sativa (Barseem) ad lib . and 2kg concentrate ration daily. Artificial fibre bags (18x14cm) were incubated in the rumen for different times and degradation characteristics were calculated. The effective degradability at different rates of outflow from the rumen of the feed samples was calculated. Results showed that the feed samples varied in proximate analysis and degradation characteristics. Crude protein )CP) was highest in Arachis hypogaea (40.6%) while the least value was in )“Seewa”( (7.5%). The highest CP potential degradability was observed in Sorghum bicolor while the least was shown in Gossypium barbadense. The effective degradability varied in feed samples and decreased with increasing rates of outflow from the rumen. It is concluded that camels have high feeds rumen degradation, therefore, we recommend the use of common feeds for grazing camels in the dry season.

Estimation of Bacterial Contamination of One – Humped Camel Carcasses in Elobeid Slaughterhouse

Sun, 01 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Estimation of Bacterial Contamination of One – Humped Camel Carcasses in Elobeid Slaughterhouse Hessien Abu Khurais, Abd-albari Kowa; Elias Suliman, Siham The study was conducted to evaluate the bacteriological contamination in camel carcasses in El-Obeid slaughterhouse, North Kordofan State, A total of 156 swab samples were collected from 32 carcasses for identification of the isolates and bacterial total viable counts (TVCs). The mean total viable count of bacteria after skinning, evisceration and washing operations at shoulder site were 7.52 ±0.08,7.49±0.9 and 7.51±0.12 log10CFU/cm2, in the neck site were 7.49±0.12 ,7.50±0.18 and 7.47±0.15 log10 CFU/cm2 and in brisket site were 7.48±0.12,7.54±0.07 and 7.48±0.11 respectively with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In addition, in the rump site, the TVCs in these operations were 7.45±0.16,7.45±0.18and 7.48±0.07 Iog10 CFU/cm2 in three points of operation with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Also, there were statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in TVCs between knives and worker hands during the three operations. Three species of bacteria were isolated and the highest average prevalence was Staphylococcus spp56.22%, Salmonella 28.89% and Escherichia coli 22.88%. It is concluded that the level of bacterial contamination in camel carcasses at El-Obeid slaughterhouse, North Kordofan State was very high and constituted a real public health hazard as pathogenic and toxicogenic. It is recommended that proper washing of camel carcasses using treated water should be applied during slaughtering processes to reduce the level of contamination with microorganism, increasing the awareness of the workers of the slaughterhouse about the importance of public health in their work

Prevalence and Causal Factors Analysis Associated with Ringworm Infection among One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Tamboul, Sudan

Tue, 05 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Prevalence and Causal Factors Analysis Associated with Ringworm Infection among One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Tamboul, Sudan Habeeballa, H.A; Abdella, M.E; . Mohamed, Mzahir S; -, Mohamed; Babiker, Y.A; Abakar, A. D. Ringworm is a zoonotic skin disease and one of the most frequently occurring in human and his domesticated animals. It is estimated that 20% of the world population is affected with dermatophytosis. Cameline dermatophytosis has a great public health and economic impact that leads to the emaciation, low milk and meat production, and poor hide quality. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis among One-hump camels raised in Albutana plain. 800 camels of different age, sex, breed and location in different seasons that provided from all over Sudan to Tamboul livestock market were recruited in the study. Skin scrapings were collected from clinically suspected camels and examined using Potassium hydroxide (KOH) technique to determine arthrospores in positive cases. 275 (34.4%) cases were infected with ringworm. The clinical feature of infected animals was presented by circular small disc-shaped and/or irregular alopecia with white, grey or brown crusts distributed on various part of the body, and sometimes granulomatous lesions were also observed. Microscopic examination of positive slides revealed significance variation (p ≤ 0.05) in types of arthrospores detected among infected camels. The distribution of arthrospores were in the following order; ectothrix (31%), ecto-endothrix (16%), endothrix (14.3%), ectothrix and Favic hyphae (12.3%), ectothrix, endothrix and favic hyphae co-existence (7%), endothrix and favic hyphae (6%) and favic hyphae (5%). Analysis of disease determinants showed significant variation of season on dermatophytosis prevalence (p = 0.00), the higher incidence was recorded in winter (33%) followed by autumn (31.7%) and summer (27%). Other factors like age, sex and location showed no significance effect on dermatophytosis infection. Direct examination based on KOH is rapid and reliable technique for diagnosis of ringworm infection, it could be recommended as a field test that leads to prevention and elimination of zoonotic dermatophytes.