Volume 18 No. 1

Utilization of Improved(Pt/H-γ-Al2O3) Zeolite in the Production of High Octane Number Gasoline from Light Sudanese Naphtha

Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Utilization of Improved(Pt/H-γ-Al2O3) Zeolite in the Production of High Octane Number Gasoline from Light Sudanese Naphtha Albegali, Fekri M.; Mahajoub, Imad E. A.; Suliman, AbdAlla M. The hydroisomerizationof light paraffins is an important industrial process to obtain branched alkanes, which are used as octane boosters in gasoline. The Sudanese light naphtha (Produced in kartoum Refinery) was chosen as the case study in this paper. The aims of this study were investigate the production of isomers with high octane numbers and reduce the content of benzene. TypeGamma AluminaImproved Pt./H-γAl2O3, of catalysts was prepared, with 0.5wt% (H2PtCl6.6H2O) by impregnation method. The hydroisomerization unit was constructed from copper blossom and designed to carry out the hydroisomerization process. The fixed bed reactor dimensions were O.D 3.5cm, I.D 1cm,reactor total volume 22.765 cm3 and 30cm length. All experiments were made at atmospheric pressure and a reaction temperature of 160°C. The results show that the conversion of the main light naphtha components to (Isobutane, n-C4, Neopentane, Isopentane, n-C5, 2,2DMC4, 2MC5, 3MC5, CC6), at 160°C has increased. Also, it was noted that the selectivity to isomers increasedat a temperature of 160°C and the aromatic component was converted to cyclohexane.The original light naphtha gives a Research Octane Number (RON 67.49) andlight naphtha overPt/H-γ Al2O3catalyst givea Research Article

Evaluation of Yemen Crude Oil in Relation to its Maturity and heavy Metals Magnitude

Mon, 05 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Evaluation of Yemen Crude Oil in Relation to its Maturity and heavy Metals Magnitude Alsarem, Ahmed H.; Dafa Alla, Abdalsalam A.; Saeed, Kamal M. Trace metals in Yemen crude oils have been investigated; The samples of Yemen crude oils were collected and digested by a dry digestion method and analyzed by ICPOptical emission Spectrometer technique and Universal of petroleum (UOP-915-92) used to determine the distribution of normal alkane and analyzed by gas chromatography technique. The levels of most of the trace elements obtained in this study were generally low. The relatively higher levels of Ni in Malik, 32, 43 (3.942, 4.058, 4.005) and V (4.919, 3.582, 3.633) respectively, Fe in Jannah, Alnaser and Malik, 94.3, 92.7 and 33.45 respectively. Ni, V and Fe observed in some results should be expected because these metals are commonly associated with crude oil of Marine organic materials with no signs of biodegradation. Carbon preference index (CPI) of Yemen oils ranges between (1.04- 1.1) which indicate Yemen crude oil maturity. In this study, the analysis of crude oils shows a slightly lower abundance of C28 and C29 and relatively higher concentrations of C27 steranes indicate more input of marine organic source. In this study is <2 (0.4037 - 1.6585) which indicates that the Yemen crude oil was derived from marine sources with increasing maturity. Ph/n-C18 (0.4484-0.4921) values less than 1.0 are indicative of non-biodegraded; the decrease of both Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 indicates maturation of the Yemen crude oils. The V/Ni index decreases with the age of oil so Yemen crude oils are young age because V/Ni less than article

Knowledge and Practices of Households in South Kordofan, Sudan, with Regard to Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Intake of Iodized Salt

Mon, 05 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Knowledge and Practices of Households in South Kordofan, Sudan, with Regard to Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Intake of Iodized Salt Nabag, Fatima Omer The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of iodized salt intake and use by households in South Kordofan, with regard to iodine deficiency disorders. The focus of the study was on people who have role in making decision about which food and cooking material to be used in the home. A combination of cluster and simple random sampling techniques was used to select the respondents from all the districts in South Kordofan. A total sample of 380 households was interviewed. Analysis of the findings was carried out using SPSS and significance tested using χ2. Only 252 household heard about iodized salt. The results revealed that only 7.2% of respondents indicated that, they used iodized salt for cooking. The reason given by users of common salt was the price of iodized salt which is expensive than common salt and knowledge of iodized salt was relatively high, as 66.4% (20.3 % for male & 46.1% for female) of the respondents indicated that they had heard about iodized salt. Awareness about health benefits of iodized salt among female was extremely good than male (56.7%for female & 17.9 %for male respectively). 49.6% of the female stored their salt in Polythene bag, Also results shows that 41.1% of the respondents (9.9% for male and 30.2 for female) adding iodized salt at the end of cooking. The study found that 29.2% of the respondents had diagnosis with iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). There is an urgent need to increase efforts to using iodized salt and know the correct methods of conservation and add-on and existing laws and policies on universal salt iodization and quality assurance of iodized salt from the production stage to the distribution/selling stage had to be enforced. article

Estimation of Technical Efficiency of Small Scale Broiler Producers in Khartoum State, Sudan 2015

Mon, 05 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Estimation of Technical Efficiency of Small Scale Broiler Producers in Khartoum State, Sudan 2015 Mohamed, Zeinab ALarki; Elkhidir, Elrashied Elimam The purpose of this paper was to estimate the production technical efficiency small-scale broiler producers in Khartoum state. It determined the factors that may affect productivity and the broiler farms efficiency. A sample of 40 small-scale broiler producers in the State was selected, using a well-structured questionnaire. Stochastic frontier production function was used to calculate technical efficiency scores and to explore the effect of inefficient factors. Results showed that the estimated average of technical efficiency for these farms was 83%, which means these producers in average can increase their output by17%given the present condition of technology and inputs levels to reach 100% of technical efficiency. This paper recommended that the producers of small scale broiler farms were not technically efficient in use their inputs in broiler production. article