https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16412 Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:58:12 GMT 2026-04-09T00:58:12Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16416 A comparative Histometric Measurements and Carbohydrate Localizations on the Mandibular Gland of Camel, Ox, Sheep and Goat ; Mursal , Nada Juma; Ali , Hassan Ahmed; Ibrahim , Zarroug Hassan The present study was conducted to describe the comparative histometry and histochemistry of mandibular glands in camel, ox, sheep and goat. Forty heads of apparently healthy adult animals (10 heads for each) were collected from Alssalam slaughter house, Omdurman, Sudan. The histometric measurements revealed three types of acini and four types of ducts according to diameter. The acini were either small and intermediate or large. The small acini revealed a big difference in diameter between camel and sheep and a similar diameter in goat and camel; ox and sheep. The intermediate acini showed a big difference between camel, ox and sheep. The large acini showed a big difference in diameter between camel, ox and sheep; ox, sheep and goat. The ducts were intercalated, striated, interlobular and interlobar ducts. The intercalated duct showed a slight difference in diameter among camel, ox, goat and sheep; a big significant difference between camel and sheep was observed. The striated duct showed a big significant difference between ox and goat and sheep and ox but the diameter was almost similar in camel, ox and sheep. The interlobular duct had the same diameter in camel, ox and sheep and a big difference was observed between goat and the rest of animals. The interlobar duct showed the greatest diameter in the goat, whereas in camel, ox and sheep the diameters were similar. The carbohydrate observations showed generally a difference in degree of PAS-positive, AB- positive and PAS/AB sequence reaction among the animals used and especially in the parenchyma of gland of camel article Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16416 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16418 Immunohistochemical Detection of HPV Ag in Oesophageal Tumours ; Ata Almnan , Enas Abdalla; Awad Elkareem , Abu Elgasim Abass This study aimed to detect the expression of HPV Ag in oesophageal tumours using immunohistochemical method. Sixty formalin fixed paraffin blocks (FFPB) previously diagnosed as oesophageal tumours (50 of them were malignant oesophageal tumours and 10 were benign oesophageal tumours) were used in this study. Blocks were cut and stained by immunohistochemical method (New indirect method) for detection of HPV Ag. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS program. The age of patients ranged between 30 and 85 years with mean age of 60 years. The study subjects included 33 (55%) males and 27 (45%) females. Out of fifty malignant samples, 41 samples were squamous cell carcinoma and 9 samples were adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemical expression of HPV Ag was detected in 12 (20%) samples and negative in 48 (80%) samples. 10/12 positive samples were malignant and the remaining 2/12 were benign, with no statistical association between HPV infection and malignant tumours of the oesophagus (P =0.646). The degree of histological differentiation revealed 39 (78%) samples were moderately differentiated tumours, 7 (14%) samples were poorly differentiated tumours and 4(8%) samples were well differentiated tumours with insignificant statistical association with the HPV infection (P>0.05). This study concludes that there is no association between HPV infection and malignant tumours of the oesophagus article Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16418 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16423 Effect of Feeding Garlic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Mixture on Performance and Immune Response of Broiler Chicks Mawahib A E , Elfadil A A ,Eljack B H ,; Tagelsir E. Mohamed1; Abdelazim Yassin Abdelgadir; M.M. Megahed; Ramadan Nasser A total of 160 one-day old unsexed (Ross-308) broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups of 40 chicks. Each group was further subdivided into 4 replicates at the rate of 10 chicks per each. Two broiler starter and finisher basal diets were formulated; a mixture (1:1) of ginger and garlic powder was added to the diets resulting in four experimental groups. Group (A) fed on basal diets without garlic and ginger mixture (0.0 %) serve as control group. The other three groups (B), (C) and (D) were fed on basal diets supplemented with graded levels of ginger and garlic mixture (0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%) respectively. The experimental diets were fed for 6-weeks duration. The performance of the experimental birds in term of feed intake (g/bird), live weight gain (g/bird), feed conversion ratio (g feed/g gain) and mortality rate (%) were recorded. At the end of the experiment three birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered, spleen, liver, heart and gizzard were weighed individually, blood samples were collected and blood serum for antibody titres against Newcastle Disease (ND) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) viruses were measured. Results revealed that supplementing broiler diets with 0.2% mixture of garlic and ginger significantly improved mean weight gain (g/bird) ,live body weight (g/bird) and feed conversion ratio (g feed/g gain) .High inclusion rates (0.3% and 0.4% resulted in a significant ( P?0.05) reduction in the same performance parameters. On the other hand, antibody titres against Newcastle disease (ND) and Infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses of all birds fed garlic and ginger mixture supplemented diets showed a significant (P?0.05) improvement. Meanwhile, no significant effects were observed on liver, spleen, heart and gizzard weights. article Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16423 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16422 Detection of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia Coli in Poultry Carcasses at Abattoir in Khartoum State Sudan ; Omer , Abdelrahman Khalifa; Ahmed , Maha Mubarak Mohamed; Awad Alkarim Altijani Alfaki , Awad Alkarim; Suliman , Siham Elias; Abdalla , Mohamed Abdelsalam the aim of the study was to investigate the contamination of poultry carcasses at abattoir by Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Sixty swab samples were collected from carcasses of broiler chickens. The study covered six stages of poultry meat processing and these were hands of employees, defeathering, evisceration, after washing, after chilling, and packing. Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli were also done. The highest contamination level by Total Viable Counts caused by Salmonella spp. 6(11.11 %) at defeathering than Escherichia coli 2(3.71%). While the lowest contamination level at after chilling. Statistically, there was significant difference at P-Value (P? 0.05) in six stages from results the two species of bacteria predominant in abattoir processing that affected on safety and quality of poultry meat. Application of HACCP can be reduced bacterial contamination article Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/16422 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z