Volume 3 No. 1

Effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) Powder Coating and Sun Drying Period on the Chemical Composition and Colour of Dehydrated Camel Meat

2023-02-19T00:00:00Z

Effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) Powder Coating and Sun Drying Period on the Chemical Composition and Colour of Dehydrated Camel Meat Zakaria Abdalla, Tyseer; Ahmed Nour, Ikhlas This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) powder coating level (GAL) and sun drying period (DP) on chemical composition and colour of dry camel meat. Ten Kg camel round cut were prepared into thin strips, 1x1x10 cm, divided into 3groups with 4 replicates. The Gum Arabic was blended to smooth powder, GAL (0% controls, 5% and 10%) and 3 drying periods (0 fresh, 48 and 96 hours) were studied. Chemical composition and objective color were determined. Data were analyzed as 3× 3 factorial designs using SPSS version 11.5 computer program. The results revealed that the interaction between the GAL and the DP was significant (P<0.05) in the moisture content and lightness (L*) color. Increasing both GAL and DP resulted in a significant reduction of the moisture content and lightness color (L*). The 10% GAL dried for 96hrs presented the lowest moisture (10.48), the protein and ash contents of the 5% and the control were not significantly different. The 10% GAL coating gave the highest protein (58.29%) and ash (4.01) and the lowest fat (2.72) percentages. Increasing the DP to 96 hrs resulted in a significantly lowest percentage of moisture (10.82) and highest protein (77.43), fat (4.35) and ash (5.01). Increasing the GAL resulted in a non-significant (p>0.05) increase of redness (a*) and decreased yellowness (b*). The study concluded that Gum Arabic powder as natural edible coating improved the nutritional value and appearance, of sun dried camel meat.

Prenatal, Gross Anatomical and Topographical Studies on the Small Intestine of the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2022-09-26T00:00:00Z

Prenatal, Gross Anatomical and Topographical Studies on the Small Intestine of the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) A. ABUAGLA, IBRAHIM,; A. ALI, HASSAN,; M. ELNAGY, TAHANY, The primary functions of the small intestine are digestion and absorption. This investigation aimed to study the gross anatomical structure and topography of camel small intestine including the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in first trimester, second trimester and third trimester. It was conducted on fifteen specimens of camel foeti of both sexes in different trimesters; the specimens were fresh and fixed in formalin (10%) to study the gross features in all trimesters and topography of small intestine especially in third trimester. Grossly the fetal small intestine was divided into three parts duodenum, jejunum and ileum and the duodenum was divided into three parts; ampulla, descending and ascending duodenum. The small intestinal tube was situated mainly in the right side and in the caudal left part of the abdominal cavity. During the third trimester, the ampulla was the widest portion of the small intestine and slender-shaped. The mucosa of the ampulla was pink to grayish in colour possessing circular and longitudinal folds. The descending and ascending parts were convoluted, grayish to white in colour, consisted long and thin parts; the mucosa was pink in colour but whitish during the first trimester and contained longitudinal folds during the second and the third trimesters. The mucosa of jejunum was pink to grayish in colour containing circular folds during the third trimester but was absent during the second trimester. The mucosa of ileum was pink in colour and consisted of dome shaped the Peyers' Patches which were projected into the lumen. Whereas they were absent during the first trimester. This study has observed the gross features of parts of small intestine of foeti in all trimesters and situation of these parts in third trimester. In conclusion the topographical results revealed the small intestine in the abdominal cavity mainly lodged on the right side and extended towards the left side caudally and grossly consisted of different anatomical features including all trimesters.

Proximate Analysis and Rumen Degradation of Some Common Feeds in Camels, Khartoum State , Sudan

2021-04-03T00:00:00Z

Proximate Analysis and Rumen Degradation of Some Common Feeds in Camels, Khartoum State , Sudan Elsaid, Hassna; Elimam, Mohamed; Talib, Nuha1; Elbasheer, Salwa The new ruminant protein systems require information on feeds degradation characteristics. Currently in Sudan the information on rumen degradation in camels is not available. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the rumen degradation and degradation characteristics of some common feeds namely; Medicago sativa (Barseem), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum Feterita grains), Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut cake) , Gossypium barbadense (Cottonseed cake) and Sorghum husks (“Seewa”). In addition the concentrate ration fed to the camels . The study was conducted at the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Khartoum State. The proximate analysis of the feed samples was determined. Three rumen fistulated camels were used to study the rumen degradation. The animals were fed Medicago sativa (Barseem) ad lib . and 2kg concentrate ration daily. Artificial fibre bags (18x14cm) were incubated in the rumen for different times and degradation characteristics were calculated. The effective degradability at different rates of outflow from the rumen of the feed samples was calculated. Results showed that the feed samples varied in proximate analysis and degradation characteristics. Crude protein )CP) was highest in Arachis hypogaea (40.6%) while the least value was in )“Seewa”( (7.5%). The highest CP potential degradability was observed in Sorghum bicolor while the least was shown in Gossypium barbadense. The effective degradability varied in feed samples and decreased with increasing rates of outflow from the rumen. It is concluded that camels have high feeds rumen degradation, therefore, we recommend the use of common feeds for grazing camels in the dry season