https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26374 2026-04-08T03:02:58Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26695 Industrial Building Systems (IBS) as an Alternative Approach for Housing the Poor in Sudan Saad Hassan, Awad; Saad Ali Hameed, Omer Housing for the poor is one of the foremost troubling issues for governments, since independence, the government of Sudan has pledged to undertake to unravel the housing problem for low-income people, but the growing demand populations far exceed what's on the table to unravel this problem. The research aims this is to review the potential of an industrialized building system (IBS) for low-cost housing provision in Sudan. the current conventional construction system (CBS) that used for this sort of building is linked to several problems: inefficiency, slow delivery rate, poor quality standards but at an equivalent time helps create many roles like doesn’t depend on skilled labor and elegance flexibility. due to its capacity to line up group projects faster than CBS can, the industrialized building system is usually used to meet the urgent need for housing for the displaced because of its ability to equip collective projects quickly and in high quality, the best example of which was used extensively after the Second war in many European countries affected during the war. Although IBS could even be a replacement system in Sudan, it's expected to spread rapidly, with appropriate material value and high quality to satisfy the requirements of the end-user. For more efficient, a system is usually developed that mixes the characteristics of the conventional and industrial systems to unravel the housing problem for the poor in Sudan. The research results are helped the government to spot the possibility of industrial buildings as an appropriate solution to the housing problem in Sudan. Also help the government on the power of industrial buildings as an efficient solution for the housing problem in Sudan, particularly low-income housing. The aims of the research to support government initiatives to affect the poor in Sudan. It is largely debatable due to its importance, and importance to government-supported housing objectives and thus the particular impacts of the initiative and its performance for low-income housing in Sudan. 2021-10-13T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26694 Water Harvesting of the area North of Khartoum Bahri Elshiekh, Hana; M. Ibrahim, Asaddig; Elhadi Elhassan, Elsaddig The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of rain water of the area north of the Khartoum Bahri and protect the Villages from the floods, and conduct a comprehensive hydrological study of the water basins passing through that area. The methods used in this study were to collect data from different sources such as Digital Elevation Maps, Urban development maps, Rainfall data. In addition to hydrological, hydro geological studies and survey works. These data were analyzed using hydraulics equations and probability distribution functions𝑓(𝑥). From the results the basins catchment drainage has been identified and planned based on hydrology, geological and topography of the area and it was found that the basins that produce the torrents, mostly located north east of the catchment, the area of these catchment is 11.5 km 2. The maximum out flow for catchment is about 138 m3/s in the central of catchment area, and is considered the best selected area for the construction of water harvesting technique. Normal distribution has been found to be the best fitted distribution for the representation of the annual rainfall in study area. Conclusion and recommendation drawn from this study is to Construct embankment or dike to prevent the water passing in the north-east direction of the study area. 2021-10-13T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26693 تأثير استخدام مخلفات القرميد الأحمر على بعض الخواص الميكانيكية والحرارية للخرسانة ذات الحصويات معادة التدوير في سوري ة الصالح, فاطمة; الجنزير, سهيل; بنود, عبد الحكيم تم في هذ البحث دراسة تأثير استخدام مخلفات القرميد الأحمر المكسرة على بعض الخواص الميكانيكية والحرارية للخرسانة ذات الحصويات معادة التدوير في سورية مثل مقاومة الضغط، مقاومة الشد، معامل المرونة، الإيصالية الحرارية. حيث تم استبدال قسم من 2.3 الحصويات الخشنة (البحص) والرمل الخشن حتى قطر %30 مم الداخلة في تركيب خرسانة العينة المرجعية (التي تتكون من 8 %. بعد 100 ،%60 ،%40 ،%20% حصويات كلسية طبيعية) بحصويات القرميد الأحمر المكسر بنسب 70حصويات معادة التدوير و تنفيذ هذه الخلطات تم قياس بعض مواصفات الخرسانة الناتجة وهي: الكثافة، مقاومة الضغط، مقاومة الانعطاف بالشد وبالفلق، معامل المرونة وكذلك الايصالية الحرارية. أظهرت النتائج أن مقاومة الضغط والانعطاف والفلق تزداد مع زيادة نسبة الاستبدال بالقرميد الأحمر إلى قيمة % على التوالي توافق القيم الأعظمية للمقاومة على الضغط، المقاومة على 70 ،%72 ،%45أعظمية ومن ثم انخفاضها حيث كانت النسبة مما يمكن 0.3 W/m.K الشد بالانعطاف، والمقاومة على الشد بالفلق. وامكن الحصول على خلطات خرسانة ذات إيصالية حرارية أقل من اعتبارها عازلة للحرارة وفق كود العزل الحراري السوري وبالتالي يمكن استخدامها في عزل الجدران والأسقف، تحتوي هذه الخلطات في mm حصوياتها الخشنة حتى القط ر . % كذلك أظهرت النتائج نقصان الايصالية الحرارية مع زيادة 52على نسبة قرميد تزيد عن 2.38 وتم ايجاد علاقة شبيهة جديدة للإيصالية الحرارية ، ACIنسبة الاستبدال بالقرميد بشكل اكثر حدة من الايصالية المحسوبة بالعلاقة التي يعطيها لخلطات الخرسانة الحاوية على مخلفات القرميد الاحمر. 2021-10-13T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/26681 Comparison Between Gross Errors Detection Methods in Surveying Measurements Mohammed Haidar, Khalid Ali; Mohamed Ibrahim, Ahmed The least squares estimation method is commonly used to process measurements. In practice, redundant measurements are carried out to ensure quality control and to check for errors that could affect the results. Therefore, an insurance of the quality of these measurements is an important issue. Measurement errors of collected data have different levels of influence due to their number, measured accuracy and redundancy. The aim of this paper is to examine the detection of gross error capabilities in vertical control networks using three methods; Global Test, Data Snooping and Tau Test to compare the effectiveness of these three methods. With the least squares’ method, if there are gross errors in the observations, the sizes of the corresponding residuals may not always be larger than for other residuals that do not have gross errors. This makes it difficult to find (detect) it. Therefore, it is not certain that serious errors should be detected by just examining the magnitudes of the residuals alone. These methods are used in conjunction with developed programs to calculate critical values for the distributions (in real time) rather than look for these in statistical tables. The main conclusion reached is that the tau (τ) statistic is the most sensitive to the presence gross error detection; therefore, it is the one recommended to be used in gross error detection. 2021-10-10T00:00:00Z