https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/21293 2026-04-09T00:54:53Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/21421 Investigation on the Effect of Polluted underground water With Minerals metals and Trace elements on different Meat Types in Tambol area- Sudan Mohammed, Mohammed Sirelkhatim; Ahmed, Daoud Elzubair This study was carried out to investigate the effect of contaminated underground water with heavy metals and trace elements such as (chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Manganese (Mn)) in different types of meat produced at Tambol area -Sudan. Samples of water and animals meat tissues were collected and analyzed for metals presence by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The study revealed that the levels of heavy metals and trace elements in meat of (beef, sheep, goat and camel) varied in concentration. The mean concentration of heavy metals was Chromium: (0.14, 0.26, 0.17 and 0.16 mg/kg. Nickel: (0.12, 0.15, 0.13 and 0.12 mg/kg), Zinc: (8.04, 6.47, 7.8 and7.67 mg/kg). Iron: (5.54, 3.25, 3.26 and 3.56 mg/kg). Lead: (1.17, 1.24, 1.25 and 1.36 mg/kg). Manganese: (0.08, 0.13, 0.10 and 0.07 mg/kg) for beef, sheep, goat and camel respectively. There was significant different at (p ≤ 0.01) in Iron content of different meat types. The study showed that the concentrations of heavy metals and trace elements of underground water were (0.003 ± 0.001, 0.002 ± 0.001, 0.02 ± 0.002, 0.01 ± 0.001, 0.01 ± 0.001 and 0.01 ± 0.001 mg/l) for Cr, Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb and Mn in water respectively. The results showed that the levels of all metals under investigation were comparable with the corresponding recommended permissible limits stated by international agencies such as WHO, US-EPA, EU, SSMO and Japan. Significant positive and negative correlation was observed between the metal content in meat, whereas the study did not indicate any correlation between metals concentration in groundwater and muscle tissues. 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/21420 Feeding Moringa olifeira Meal to Sudanese Desert Goats and its impacts on Milk Yield and Composition in North Kordofan, Sudan Altom, Hassan Adam Birer; Bjadalla, Jumaa Barram; Tibin, Musa Ahmed Musa; Eshag, Neama Adam; Bukhari, Salah A; Salih, Elkheir Mugadam This study was conducted in North Kordofan State, Sudan with the objective of studying impacts of feeding Moringa oleifeira meal (MOM) feed intake, milk production, composition and weight of Sudanese Desert goats and kids. Four groups at second parity, weighing 25 ±0.750 kg each with single kid were individually penned with feeding and drinking troughs. The first group was fed cut natural grazing (NG) while the second, third and forth groups were supplemented with 300, 400g MOM and 250g of a ration respectively. The milk was measured daily in the morning and evening from one teat and the kids suckled the other. Supplementation increased feed intake significantly (P<0.01). The goats consumed 1100, 1250, 1260 and 1000g DM when they were offered NG alone, supplemented with 300g, 400g MOM and 250g of the ration, respectively. Milk yield also significantly (P<0.01) increased upon supplementation. Daily production was 0.500, 1.775, 2.012 liter for NG, supplemented with 300, 400 g MOM and 250g ration, respectively. Milk had higher fat from goats supplemented with a ration; higher milk protein from consuming NG alone and higher lactose when goats were offered 300 or 400g MOM. Non-fat solids content was similar in milk from all groups. Live body weight was the highest in the group supplemented with 400g MOM followed by those on 300g MOM, 250 g ration and finally those on the NG only. The respective daily weight gain was 152.6, 145, 130 and 10g. Kids' weight gain was 23.24g in the group of NG, 55, 67.9 and, 95.5g for those on 300, 400g MOM and a ration respectively. It was concluded that supplementation with Moringa olifeira meal positively affected feed intake, weight gain and milk yield of goats. More studies are needed to determine best levels of MOM supplementation 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/21418 Using the Desert Palm (Balanites aegyptiaca) Kernel Meal in Broiler Chicken Rations and its effects on Feed Intake, Live Weight and Carcass Characteristics Eshag, Neama Adam; D M, Mekki2; . J. B, Jadalla; Bala, Balsm Mubarak; Kojoor, Nura El Dikeir; Salih, Elkheir Mugadam This study was conducted in Elobeid city North Kordofan State, Sudan with the objective of studying and evaluating the effects of feeding Balanites aegyptiaca kernel meal at different levels on broilers feed intake, growth rates and carcass characteristics. The study used 150 one day old (Ross) chicks where every 10 birds were housed in separate units assigned to three treatments A, B and C with five replicates, on deep litter floor. The chicks were transferred periodically to ensure random housing. Starter and finisher rations were formulated for each treatment. Ration A (control ration) contained 5% super concentrate, while rations B and C contained had 2.5 and 5% B. aegyptiaca kernel meal respectively as a substitute for the protein super concentrate used in ration A. At the end of the experiment chicks were slaughtered for carcass cuts yield. The results indicated that feed consumption was significantly (P<0.01) higher in birds on ration A compared to those on rations B and C. Similarly the live weight of chickens was significantly (P<0.01)heaviest in group A than those of group B and C. Dressing percentage, carcass weight and weight of cuts were also significantly (P<0.01) higher for birds on ration A and lowest weight was recorded for those on ration B. Also the abdominal fat was higher for group A without significantly differences compared with group B. The percentage of fat in the body was higher in meat samples obtained from birds on ration C and lower for those on ration B. The study concluded that feeding B. aegyptiaca kernel meal to broiler chicks reduced the rate of live weight gain though increased the proportion of body fat in carcass samples. It was recommended further studies be conducted using lower levels of B. aegyptiaca kernel meal since it is found abundantly, can be obtained at low cost and rich in essential amino acids 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/21417 Effectiveness of nutrition education program on mothers knowledge towards breast-feeding and weaning practices of children in Omdurman Pediatric Hospital Nabag, Fatima Omer; karim, Amani Abdel; Mohamed, Aziza; Ahmed, Nusiba Mohamed The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of nutrition education program on mothers’ knowledge towards breast-feeding and weaning practices of children in Omdurman Pediatric Hospital. The quasi - experimental study conducted. The study consisted of all (100) mothers of under-five malnourished children, with a diagnosis of severe protein energy malnutrition (Marasmus, Kwashiorkor and Mrasmic Kwashiorkor). Pretest data were collected as the base line information about breast-feeding, weaning, and analyzed. After that, nutrition and health education program prepared to mothers of children in hospital, two times per week during the study. Posttest questionnaire took place after that to identify the results of the program. Data collected analyzed by percentages. Then data before and after program were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Program, chi-Square was used to determine the significance of the differences (P≤ 0.05). Results revealed that, before nutrition education, 64% of mothers, their weaning practice were stop abruptly; 31 % of the mothers introduced complementary foods at right time, only 3% of their mother’s knowledge about weaning foods. After nutrition education program, 84% of mothers stated that the best situation of weaning practices methods were gradual weaning, 79% of the mothers knew the right time to introduce complementary foods and 91% of their mother had knowledge about weaning foods. The study recommended that it is important for raising awareness on breast-feeding and weaning among mothers of malnourishment children by community leadership. Coordination among sectors supports decision-making and prioritization. 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z