https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/1149 2026-08-26T13:01:26Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/5781 «Description et Analyse des Problèmes de l’expression orale chez les apprenants du français à l’université du Soudan» HASSAN, Kholood; Supervisor , Bachir Bachir MOHAMED The title of this study is “the problem of oral communication facing the students of 3rd year the French department at the collage of language”. These students who are on their 3rd year of studying French language as a first specializing or main study, but they are facing difficulties when they are making a communication between them or with guidance “the teacher”. Our main reason to work on this subject is to find answers of several questions which lead us at the end to solve the problems. Our objective is to describe and analysis the problems that create the lack level of the oral communication, to find out or discover the reasons and the causes of these problems and to try to identify the elements that facilitate the progress/growth of the communicative competence. To accomplish this work, we have choose a descriptive analytical methodology we talk firstly about the status of French language in Sudan and the situation of languages in Sudan as a country to accomplish this work, we have prepare. And make hypotheses which can lead us to very well describe the situation and reach an answer at the end. To achieve the main goal of this study we applied a descriptive and analytical methodology that help us in giving full information about the students environment during their study from the first year till the 3rd year. Which we focus particularly in the method of study “the book activities” we took in account of this study several questions via which we tried to verify our hypothesis. The first issue we tried to present is to give a full description about the situation of languages in Sudan. The status of French language in Sudan, the Sudanese universities and in Sudan University particularly presenting the number of hours and the lectures title. We talked about the communicative approach, the main objective of the method of study “the method consignee”. We have present the method objectives and the goals which it’s make for and the aims which is want to achieve. After that we a full description of the book concerning all it’s aspects, contents, grammar and its interests during the first and the second year of study. At the end we account all the activities and exercises presented in the first and second book of study showing the purpose of each exercise and its aim than want to achieve. The results we reached show us that all our hypotheses were true and correct. The study we made clarify and verify that the number of hours proposing for teaching the communicative competence (oral expression, communication, communicative interaction, seminar... etc) were not enough to achieve their objectives. The objectives and goals of the communicative approach or method is to give the students a communicative competence which the book of study (le Nouveau Sans Frontières) fail to achieve and lead at the end to have a lack communicative competence comparing with writing competence. These results confirm our hypothesis which state that the problems of the oral communication of the student of third year in French department are relating to the book of study (Nouveau Sans Frontières), to the insufficient number of hours of study and the activities proposed in room of study and out of it. thèse 2011-03-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/2382 Photobleaching of anthocyanins using tunable dye laser Ahmed,Wafa Omer; Supervisor, - Ahmed Hassan S. Elkheir The flowers of Hibiscus sabdarifa were extracted with acidified methanol. The Anthocyanin of Hibiscus sabdarifa was obtained as red needles from absolute ethanol. A dye laser operating at 520 nm was used to bleach the red- colored anthocyanin. A mixture of the anthocyanin and triethylamine was irradiated with laser for 40 minutes. Under such conditions the iv ‫‪The anthocyanin then oxidizes triethylamine and reduces to a colourless‬‬ ‫.‪radical‬‬ ‫‪AS‬‬ ‫1‬ ‫*‪AS‬‬ ‫3‬ ‫‪hν‬‬ ‫0‪AS‬‬ ‫1*‬ ‫)‪(Red‬‬ ‫3*‪AS• + •NR‬‬ ‫3‬ ‫3‪AS* +:NR‬‬ ‫)‪(Colourless‬‬ ‫‬ Thesis 2008-08-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/28494 Development of Electromagnetic Field Exposure Model for Multi-Technology Mobile Networks using Optimal Weighted Antenna Angle Mohammed, Mohammed Suleiman Elbasheir; Supervisor, Rashid Abdelhaleem Saeed; Co-Supervisor, Salaheldin Mohamed Ibrahim Edam Mobile networks are expanding quickly as a result of development in wireless technologies, especially with the recent introduction of the Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR). The growth in mobile networks requires the installation of massive number of base stations (BSs) that bring concerns about increasing overall electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation exposure levels. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has published guidelines that have been adopted by many regulators in many countries to control the overall radiation from EMF transmitters. This research started with comprehensive review for recent works focused on BS EMF radiation assessment for BSs from different perspectives including review for standard limits. An enhanced formula is developed and proposed to accurately calculate the compliance distance (CD) considering more factors such as power reduction factor and system load. In situ measurements are conducted to validate the formula. The results show that CD has shorter distances when the power factor is considered. Also, the study investigated the compliance distance of shared sites by a group of Mobile Network Operators (MNO). The results shows that, compared with a single MNO, the CD increased by 41% in the case of two MNOs, 73% for three MNOs, and 100% for four MNOs. Additionally, sharing scale-up formula is driven and proposed to estimate the increase in CDs for N number of MNOs assuming that all MNOs use the same site configuration. Finally, a design model is developed and proposed to de-concentrate and reduce the total exposure ration (TER) from sectorized antennas of the multi-technology BS with no drawbacks on site coverage level and capacity. The model applies the concept of weighted antenna’s azimuth to spread the total exposure among the horizontal direction. A set of simulations and field measurements were done in a life network to validate the proposed solution. The pre-and-post results show the TER and CD are reduced after applying the proposed model. Overall, the system records show no significant impacts were observed on site’s coverage level and capacity. 2024-10-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/28493 An Optimized Energy-Aware Stable Election Protocol for Heterogeneous Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) Networks Mohamed, Elmustafa Sayed Ali Ahmed Internet of Underwater of Things (IoUT) networks offer real-time monitoring and data collection capabilities in marine environments for many application. However, the unique challenges of underwater acoustic communication and energy constraints requires a development of intelligent, adaptive and energy-efficient protocols. The thesis addresses these energy challenges particularly in IoUT heterogeneous networks by proposes an energy-aware clustering protocol to optimizing the cluster heads (CH) management and inter-cluster route decision based on Stable election protocol (SEP) computations. Two approaches are proposed, the first is hybrid Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Q-learning (QL) based energy-aware Stable Election Protocol (ABCQL-EASE) and its improved version as an energy-aware and Quality of Service (QoS) driven by Underwater Vehicles (UVs) relaying integrated Stable Election Protocol (EQURI-SE). The ABCQL-EASE presents intelligence approach that combines the ABC algorithms with the adaptive decision-making by QL and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. This integration enables the dynamic CHs management based on underwater nodes (UNs) status. The protocol continuously learns from network observations, balancing exploration and exploitation to avoid premature convergence and extend network lifetime. Building upon this foundation, EQURI-SE further enhances energy efficiency by incorporating UVs as mobile relays between CHs. To improve the selection of UVs, a comprehensive framework proposed which integrates Neural Network (NN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) with MCDM to evaluate UV candidates based on energy, depth, distance and signal quality. A dynamic cooldown mechanism ensures fair usage of UV relaying and prevents overuse of any single UV, thereby extending relay availability and system lifetime. Results show that, ABCQL-EASE reduces the energy consumption and dead UNs approximate between 30% and 61% compared to the baseline and benchmark studies. The EQURI-SE achieves a significant reduction in energy consumption compared to conventional protocols, substantially contributing to extending network lifetime while maintaining high throughput and achieving superior network efficiency. Compared to ABCQL-EASE, the EQURI-SE reduces energy consumption by up to 48%. Both ABCQL-EASE and EQURI-SE provides higher network efficiency compared to baseline given between 92% and 95%. 2026-05-01T00:00:00Z