Volume 21 No. 2

Measurement of Radionuclidic purity and Chemical purity in Free Tc99m Pertechnetate

2022-11-10T10:26:03Z

Measurement of Radionuclidic purity and Chemical purity in Free Tc99m Pertechnetate Abdallah, Alsiddig K. A.; Gamil, Abdrhman M; Fadlalla, Salah A. The safety of Tc99m and Tc99m radiopharmaceuticals compound depends mainly on radionuclidic and chemical purity of Tc99m pertechnetate. The radionuclidic impurities increase the patient’s overall radiation dose and impact the image quality while the chemical impurities may cause toxic or undesirable interactions. The main objectives of this study were to determine the radionuclidic purity (Mo99 impurity) and chemical purity (Al+3 impurities) of Tc99m pertechnetate before reconstitution with pharmaceuticals kits. The radionuclidic Mo99 impurity was determined by the use of dose calibrator and 6-mm thick lead cylinder. The chemical Al+3 impurities were determined by comparing the intensity of Tc99m pertechnetate spot to intensity of standard aluminum spot on aluminum indicator paper. 51 Samples of Tc99m elutions were taken from three different radiopharmacy units (Khartoum Oncology Centre, Alneelain Medical Diagnostic Centre and Royal Care Hospital) and form different type of generators (POLATOM, MON.TEK MONOROL and Mallinckrodt pharmaceuticals). Samples were tested for Mo99 impurity and all the samples were in the acceptable limit. The mean radionuclidic purity resulted was 0.0026% with STD 0.0018 for all samples. 41 Spot samples of Tc99m elutions were taken from three different radiopharmacy units (Khartoum Oncology Centre, Alneelain Medical Diagnostic Centre and Royal Care Hospital) and form different type of generators (POLATOM, MON.TEK MONOROL and Mallinckrodt pharmaceuticals). Samples were tested for Al+3 impurity and all the samples were in the acceptable limit. It is recommended to assay each Tc99m pertechnetate elution for Mo99 impurity and Al+3 impurities prior to the administration of Tc99m and Tc99m radiopharmaceuticals patients. Sudan University of Science and Technology

Development and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of Diazepam in Pharmaceutical Formulation

2022-11-10T10:19:49Z

Development and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of Diazepam in Pharmaceutical Formulation Z., Hajir, E; A, Elmugdad, A. A new, precise and accurate reversed - phase high performance liquid chromatography(R-HPLC) a method was developed for determination of diazepam. High performance liquid chromatography was carried out by isocratic technique on a reverse-phase using column C18 inertstil (150 *3.9 mm), 5μm column with a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer solution pH = 6 and methanol in (1:1) ratio the diluents 5cm3 of sulfuric acid in 1000cm3 of methanol. The flow rate was adjusted at 2cm3/min, detection wavelength at 230nm, temperature at 40Cᵒ and retention time was found to be 6.4 min. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of developed method according to ICH guidelines (ICH Q2 R1, 2005).The assay percentage of diazepam in tablet dosage form was found to be (98.61±0.89) %. The % of recovery was found to be (97.91-99.28) %. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantization (LOQ) were found to be 0.000033mg/cm3 and 0.000101mg/cm3 respectively. Sudan University of Science and Technology

Assessment of Serum Cholesterol Profile among Healthy Individuals Sudanese under Regular Exercise

2022-11-10T10:13:03Z

Assessment of Serum Cholesterol Profile among Healthy Individuals Sudanese under Regular Exercise Abdrabo, AbdElkarim A.; Elmi, Awil M.; Mohamed, Abdillahi A; Hassan, Aisha A.Sheikh; Modawe, GadAllah Background: Physical activity as an Independent factor Causes change sinserumlipidsprofileinadultsandmayprotecttheblood tubes from the heart from the creation and construction, of plaque rich in triglycerideand cholesterol. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate serum cholesterol profile among healthy Sudanese individuals under regular exercises at Khartoum state. Materials and Methods: Analytical case-control study was done in Khartoum state, during the period from March to July 2020.A hundred subjects enrolled in the study, 50 healthy males have regular physical exercise as case group and other 50 healthy male volunteers haven'tphysical exercise as a control grouptheir age ranged between 18 to 45 years with mean 40 years.The cholesterol profiles were estimated by enzymatic methods using spectrophotometers. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version (25). Results: The age ranged between 18 and 26 years for the case and control group. The common length time of exercise was less than one year. The serum total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly lowered in the case than a control group, while the serum HDL-C was significantly higher in the case than the control group. Conclusion: Regular Exercises had lower serum cholesterol and higher serum HDL-C is important to prevent harm from being overweight and disease of the heart and blood vessels. Sudan University of Science and Technology

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T Gene Polymorphism (rs1801133) and its association with Essential Hypertension in Sudanese Patients.

2022-04-18T10:57:21Z

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T Gene Polymorphism (rs1801133) and its association with Essential Hypertension in Sudanese Patients. Fadl, Manal Ahmed; AlAmin, Sarra Hassan; Ahmed, Abd Allah Eltigani Background: Hypertension is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been known to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as hypertension. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the presence of the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene (rs1801133) and the risk of hypertension in Sudanese patients. Method: This is a cross-sectional Hospital based study conducted in Khartoum State–Sudan, during Jan.2018-Oct.2018. The study group consisted of 107 with essential hypertension as patients and 142 age matched normotensive as controls. The genotypes of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism (rs1801133) were detected by Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism using HinfI restriction enzyme. The statistical analysis of the results was done using SPSS software package. A p-value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to assess the risk of the association. Results: This study showed that high frequency of hypertension was observed among female (63.6%), with no significant gender difference between cases and controls (P-value=0.58). Ninety-three percent of the patients were at 40 years and above with significant difference between cases and controls (P-value =0.0001). The family history of hypertension was significantly increase the disease risk among hypertensive up to three folds (P-value =0.003, OR=3.103, CI=1.454, 6.626). Smoking and lack of exercise; were significantly associated with disease susceptibility (P-value =0.044, P=0.001 respectively). We conducted the genotype analysis for the MTHFR polymorphism (rs1801133) considering the dominant model: the wild type (CC) versus the recessive mutant (CT+TT). The analysis provided an evidence that the mutant CT+TT genotypes were significantly higher in hypertensive group compared to the normotensive controls (P-value = 0.048) with an increased risk of hypertension of up to two folds (OR=1.90, CI=.954, 3795). Diabetes and heart diseases as a complication of hypertension, showed a significant occurrence among hypertensive (P-value =0.002 and P-value=0.0001respectively) compared to their counterpart controls. Conclusion: The results of this study indicates that C677T MTHFR polymorphism is associated with the increased risk of hypertension in our samples. Family history of hypertension and the modifiable risk factors such as smoking and sedentary life were also strongly associated with disease susceptibility. Sudan University of Science and Technology