Volume 19 No. 2

Effect of milk source on sensory characteristics of white soft cheese during storage

2018-12-31T07:47:25Z

Effect of milk source on sensory characteristics of white soft cheese during storage Assia, Nasr I. A. M.; Omer I. A., Hamid The study was conducted in the milk processing unit at College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, during January to September 2014, to examine the effect of milk source (cows' and goats') on sensory characteristics of white soft cheese during storage period. Twenty five liters of fresh cow's full cream milk were purchased from the farm of College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, and (25) liters of goats' milk was purchased from a private farm at Khartoum North. Two treatments were carried out for cheese processing as follows: First treatment, in which cheese was made with cows' milk and second one, cheese was made with goats' milk. After milk pasteurization, 0.02% CaCl2 and 2% starter culture were added then white cheese was made and stored at 4°C for 63 days. Sensory evaluation was done for the cheese samples at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 days intervals. The cheese statistical analysis showed that milk source significantly (p<0.01) affected the sensory characteristics of the cheese except texture, which showed no significant (p>0.05) variation, whereas storage period revealed a significant differences (p<0.05) in the sensory characteristics of the manufactured cheese.

Association of Uric Acid, Urea and Creatinine with Body Mass Index, Age and Gender.

2018-12-31T07:40:09Z

Association of Uric Acid, Urea and Creatinine with Body Mass Index, Age and Gender. Manahil. Z., Ahmed; I. M. T., Fadlalla; Amel. O., Bakheit Obesity is one of main metabolic diseases causes worldwide. This metabolic disorder contributes greatly to the significant proportion of the burden of renal damage and dysfunction. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) in males and females of different age on kidneys functions indicated by serum uric acid, urea and creatinine concentrations. Serum uric acid, urea and creatinine was measured in a total of 240 healthy individuals (120 males and 120 females) aged 18-60 years. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the effect of age, sex and body mass index (BMI) on serum uric acid, urea and creatinine concentrations.A positive correlation was detected between BMI and serum uric acid in both males and females of different ages. Serum creatinine and urea levels were found to have a significant positive correlation with BMI only at age ≥45 years in both males (p =0.0098, p=0.0489) and females (p=0.0149, p=0.0487) respectively. When the interaction between sex and BMI was considered, statistically significant difference in serum uric acid levels was demonstrated in all age groups (p<0.0001). However, serum creatinine and urea levels showed no significant differences up to age of 45 years. At and above age of 45 years, statistically significant difference in both serum creatinine and urea levels (p<0.0056 and p<0.0054 respectively) were found. The morbidly obese males in all age groups showed uric acid levels that let them be diagnosed to have hyperuricemia (based on the reference ranges given by Fortress diagnostic limited 2011: males’ uric acid cut off 416.5 µmol/L and females 339 µmol/L). Whereas, only the morbidly obese females at age ≥45 years have uric acid level that indicates hyperuricemia. The morbidly obese females <20 years or 20-44 years seem to be at the border line of hyperuricemia. Our study indicates that there is a positive relationship between BMI and serum uric acid among healthy subjects. Obesity may potentially serve as a novel clinical indicator for identifying patients with hyperuricemia. We demonstrated a sex difference in the incidence of hyperuricemia which may reflect a sex difference in renal uric acid clearance. Our study also showed that serum creatinine level is significantly directly correlated with BMI at age of 45 years or above. BMI is an independent predictor of creatinine increase in adult aged 45 years or more. The prevention of obesity and weight control are exceptionally important in the protection of renal function

Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Bird in Jabal Awlia Dam in Khartoum State, Sudan in 2014

2018-12-31T07:31:05Z

Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Bird in Jabal Awlia Dam in Khartoum State, Sudan in 2014 Nawal Nugud, Margani; Ali, Saad This study describes bird fauna in Jabal Awlia area (Forest and Khazan), with emphasis on wetland. The study was conducted under natural conditions at Jabal Awlia area, Sudan.To the best of my knowledge, no previous studies were conducted in this area, so the studies of the area become basic necessity.The objective of this study were to document avifauna of Jabal Awlia –Identify avifauna, document their seasonal movement, as far as possible, quantify such changes during the wet and dry seasons. The investigation was carried out between (April-November 2014).The study area was patrolled by car and on food from 6.30am to 5 pm(direct observation ), identification of birds was executed using (Williams 1991 and Sinclair and Ryan 2010), Afield binocular Pentax of magnification (10×50) at approximately (4-8m) were used for observation of birds.The result was tabulated in months, there were 44species.The highest numbers of bird which were recorded in wet season was 1615.The Sparrow house Passer domesticus and some Ardeidae species, Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis,Little egret Egretta garzetta were the abundant species throughout surveyed area which they represented more than half (53.2).

Evaluation of Buffalo Milk Production Performance in Elabered Estate Farm

2018-12-31T07:23:18Z

Evaluation of Buffalo Milk Production Performance in Elabered Estate Farm Yosief Alem, Afewerki; Mengistu Russom, Araya; Asmeret Embaye, Gulbet Eritrea is a country in which more than 80% of its population is engaged in subsistence agriculture. Due to shortage of availability of feed the milk and milk products are very low. To alleviate the above mentioned problem, the Eritrean government has introduced about 65 buffaloes from Italy in 2009, to improve the living standards of the people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of buffalo milk quality and quantities in comparison to the Holstein Friesian under husbandry practices available in Eritrea. The research was conducted in Elabered Estate Farm under the same environment and the same management system. Data for milk yield per lactation, milk composition, Days open and Management practices was collected based on primary and secondary data collection method. The study showed significant difference in the fat, protein and minerals content of buffalo milk when compared with that of Holstein Friesian. However, Solids -not -fat (SNF) and lactose were found to be non significant. The average number of open days recorded for buffalo and Holstein were 140±15.81 and 117.5±10.41days, respectively with no significant difference. Differences in animal type resulted in significant differences in milk yield performance in July (p< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in August and September (p> 0.05). The research has realized that buffalo’s milk was highly valuable for human consumption and for making milk products. Based on the results it was concluded that buffaloes are the best to alleviate the scarcity of milk and milk products under the existing Eritrean condition.