Volume 16 No. 2

Quality of Anaesthesia Induced Using Diazepam-Thiopentone Sodium in Donkeys

2017-05-04T06:27:35Z

Quality of Anaesthesia Induced Using Diazepam-Thiopentone Sodium in Donkeys A., Elzubair. A.; I ,Seri. H.; H. , Ghurashi . M.A.; A ,Bulldan.A.G. The anaesthetic properties of Thiopentone sodium (T) were evaluated in 12 clinically healthy male donkeys premdicated with diazepam (D). Animals were divided into two groups each of six. Donkeys were pre-medicated with diazepam (0.1 mg/kg) intravenously 10 minutes prior to the injection of the anaesthetic; and then Thiopentone sodium was injected at dose rate of 8 mg kg-1 body weight intravenously in the first group (TH1) and at 12 mg/kg in the second group (TH2). The quality of induction, recovery, and muscle relaxation was assessed. Respiratory and heart rate and rectal temperature were recorded using standard methods. The different anaesthetic phases (induction time, anaesthetic phase, sternal recumbency, lateral recumbency, and recovery time) were measured before, during and after induction of anaesthesia. Selected blood biochemical parameters were assayed before anaesthesia (time 0), 30, and 60 minutes after induction. Considerable sedation/tranquilization without excitement was achieved following pre-medication. Increasing the dose of thiopentone sodium from 8 to 12 mg kg-1 resulted in no significant decrease in induction time (P>0.05) and significant (P<0.05) increase in the duration of anaesthetic phase, sternal and lateral recumbancy and recovery phase. The use of thiopentonal sodium in both protocols tested was accompanied by significant increase (P<0.05) in heart rate, while rectal temperature showed no significant fluctuation. Animals anaesthetized with both protocols showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in respiratory rate immediately following induction of anaesthesia. There was nosignificant (P>0.05) change in all biochemical parameters tested. In conclusion, this simple anesthetic protocol can be used in donkeys and an acceptable anaesthesia with a reasonable recovery can be expected article

Histology of the Myocardial Bridges and the Related Arteries of the adult dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2017-05-04T06:02:58Z

Histology of the Myocardial Bridges and the Related Arteries of the adult dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Mustafa , Marwa Abd Elgader; Mohammed , Ali Abdalla The aim of this study was to investigate the histology of the myocardial bridges of the dromedary camel. Ten adult she-camels were used for this study. The samples were collected from Al- Salam and Al-Buga�a slaughter houses, Sudan. Specimens were taken from regions showing myocardial bridges. They were then processed for routine histological techniques. The regions of the myocardial bridges were obviously covered by large amount of adipose tissue. This adipose tissue infiltrated the cardiac muscles of the bridge. The lumina and the tunics of the interventricular branches lying unearth the bridges were obviously compressed giving the lumina oval shapes. The cardiac muscles distal to the bridges showed no signs of myocardial infarctions. It was therefore concluded that the presence of the myocardial bridges is a normal feature in the heart of the dromedary camel article

Bacterial contamination of beef carcasses in slaughter houses Khartoum State, Sudan

2017-05-04T06:12:05Z

Bacterial contamination of beef carcasses in slaughter houses Khartoum State, Sudan Ahmed , Awatif A .; Sabiel , Yahia . A.; Fadolelgaleel , Huyam K. This study was conducted to isolate bacteria contaminating beef carcasses and to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity test of the most frequent isolated Gram negative bacteria against selected antibiotics. Sixty swab samples were collected randomly from posterior and anterior surfaces of beef carcasses from slaughterhouses at Khartoum State. The collected Samples were transported to the Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute for microbiological examinations. The most frequent isolated Gram positive bacteria were Bacillus lechiniformis 15.4. %, Streptococcus spp. 8.7%, Micrococcus kristinae 5.8%, Staphylococcus aureus 2.9%, while the most frequent isolated Gram negative bacteria were Proteus mirabilis 13.5%, Klebsiella pneumonia 6.7%, Citrobacter spp. 1.9%, and Vibrio spp. 1.9%. Antibiotics sensitivity testing was carried out for 7 Gram negative isolates. The isolates showed variable reaction to the tested antibiotics. From the result it could be concluded that these Gram negative organisms reduce quality of meat and could play public health hazard article

Performance and Vital Internal Organs Weight of Chicks Fed on Moringa oleifera Leaves in Sudan

2017-05-04T06:41:05Z

Performance and Vital Internal Organs Weight of Chicks Fed on Moringa oleifera Leaves in Sudan Ahmed , Shamseldein H.; Ali , Osman S.; Omer , Shadia A. This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaves diets on growth performances, and vital internal organs weight. A total of ninety six, -day old, unsexed Hubbard breed broiler chicks were used. Chicks were weighed individually and assigned randomly into four equal groups and each treatment group consisted of three replicates of 8 chicks. Four diets were formulated to be iso energetics and isonitrogenous (A, B, C, and D). Diets A as Control with no added leaf moringa. The diets were Starter (8-28 d), Grower (29-42 d). Moringa leaves added to the diets A, B, C and D at 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. Parameters measured were live body weight, body weight gain, weakly growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate. The results revealed that, no significant difference (P? 0.05) between the four diets in live body weight, body weight gain, weakly growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate. Result obtained showed that addition 1% of leaf moringa improved significantly (P<0.05) the feed conversion rate. The study showed that obtained responses due to substitution diets containing graded levels of leaf of moringa to have a potential in poultry feeding. This is exhibited through its protein content, relatively low fibre and higher mineral contents. It concluded that, for better efficiency 5% inclusion of moringa level is optimal for broiler performance article