Nutritional evaluation of the diet formulated by a largescale dairy farm in Khartoum North and proposal of an alternative least cost die

Abstract

This study was conducted in Khartoum State, more specifically in a dairy farm at (Tebna ) area. The purpose of the study was to formulate a ration which satisfies the needs of dairy cattle in terms of maintenance and production, with least cost. The study compared the needs of dairy cattle in terms of maintenance and production as well as knowing the amounts and types of feeds which are provided to cattle in the farm, and whether these satisfy the needs of dairy cattle. In addition to that, the study aimed at balancing the ration with respect to the major nutrients, metabolizable energy and protein while keeping lowest possible costs. Data were collected from the farm and some individual owners of farms were interviewed. The types of feeds used in the farm were studied and analyzed chemically. These were: Syamposis tetragonolobus meal (Guar), Sorghum bicolor (Crushed Sorghum grain), Molasses, Green Sorghum bicolor var. Abu 70, Arachis hypogaea cake (Groundnut), Vicia faba straw( Broad bean),Arachis hypogea straw (Groundnut),Triticum aestivum (Wheat bran), and Babiker mix. Besides, the quantity of crude protein and metabolizable energy were determined. Then, cow milk production was determined as well as the feed that was given to cows daily. VIII The study found that the daily quantity of protein given to cows exceeded their needs by 60% and also the quantity of energy exceeded needs by 30%. That is means 60% of the protein and 30% of the energy are extra than the needs of the cows, indicating unjustified additional cost. A ration was formulated that should meet maintenance and production requirements of the cows with the least cost. This study recommends that farm owners should consult nutrition specialists, in order to avoid giving their cows more food than needed, and hence more expenses. They should also analyze the feeds given to their cows so as to know the quantity of protein and energy in it.