Detection of Bacterial Causative Agent in Preterm Neonatal Sepsis Infants in Khartoum State

Abstract

Sepsis encompasses various systemic infections of the new born such as: septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis and osteomyelitis and urinary tract infections. Neonatal sepsis is caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This is cross sectional clinical based case study aimed to detect the bacterial causative agents among preterm neonates with features of sepsis. A total of seventy blood sample (n=70) were inculcated in diphasic medium, incubated aerobically at 37C O and observed daily for the first 3 days for the presence of visible microbial growth. At the same time, subcultures were made during 3 days on enriched and selective media including blood, chocolate, MacConkey, and mannitol salt agar plates and examined for growth after 24–48 hours of incubation. Then Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all bacterial isolates was performed and data analysis was performed by spss version 16. The frequency of S.epidermidis was found 15(21.5%), E.coli 10(14.4%), pseudomonas aeruginosa 6(8.6%), klebsiella pneumoniae 5(7%) and candida spp 1(1.5%).The high rate of positive isolate was found in age group of 26-30 weeks 23(62%). C- reactive protein was tested to all study population and was found positive in all positive samples with bacterial growth. The preterms which used the nasal cannula and CPAP device had high rate of isolated bacteria 13(35%). Total white blood cell was done to all participants and was found high in the preterm with growth mean 17.9 /cumm antimicrobial susceptibility was done to all isolates, regarding gram positive bacteria S.epidermidis was found sensitive to Vancomycin (100%) and showed high resistance to Ampicillin and Gentamicin. The study concluded that both Gram positive and Gram negative can cause sepsis of preterm, S.epidermidis was the most frequent bacteria isolated followed by E.coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa then Klebsiella pneumoniae .