Extraction And Characterization Of The Oil, Biodiesel From Balanites Aegyptiaca Seeds And Biodiesel Blends With Diesel And Ethanol

Abstract

This study was conducted on the oil, Biodiesel and Biodiesel blendsfrom Balanitesaegyptiacaseeds, the oil content of seeds was 53.9% w⁄w. The physicochemical propertiesof oil ,the moisture content was (0.27%), the viscosity was (25.87cp), refractive index was (1.475), density of oil was (0.88kg/m3) at 40C , the color index was yellow (2.6) and red (1.1) , free fatty acid value was (1.067%),fat content was (54.7%), the Acid value was (2.1mgKOH/g), Peroxide value was (6meq/kg), saponification value was (239.35mgKOH/g) and the iodine value was (74.34 I2/100g oil). the Biodiesel physiochemical analysis showed that the viscosity was(5.041) cp at 40Cand (1.916) at 100C,the density of Biodiesel was (0.885kg/m3) at 40C,the cloud point of Biodieselwas (13.5) , copper corrosion was (1a) , flash point was (130)C, color was (0.7), cetanenumber was (54.6), sulfur m/m% was (0.011). The physicochemical characterization of the Diesel were determined, where, the viscosity was (3.3511) cpat 40C , and (1.307) at 100Cthe density of diesel was (0.841kg/m3),the cloud point of diesel was (5.1) , copper corrosion was (1a) , flash point was (77)C, color was (0.5), cetanenumber was (53.9), sulfur m/m% was (0.011). The physicochemical propertiesof biodiesel /diesel/ ,blend(20:80)show that viscosity of blends at 40Cwas (3.855) cp, at 100C was (1.702) cp, the density of blend was (0.848kg/m3),the cloud point of blends was (5.6)C , copper corrosion was (1a) ,flash point was (77.5)C, color was (0.7), cetanenumber was (55.2), sulfur m/m% was (0.011). The physicochemical properties of biodiesel /diesel/ethanol(20:60:20), show that the viscosity was (3.011) cpat 40C, at 100C was (1.53) , the density of mixture was (0.845kg/m3),the cloud point of mixture was (15.7)C , copper corrosion was (1a) , the flash point was (40.5)C, the color was (0.5),thecetanenumber was (54.6), the sulfur m/m% was (0.011). The 0il of Balanitesaegyptiaca seeds characteristic spectrum in FT-IR the absorption bands 3006.65(C-H Stretching vibration), 2925.35(C-H for CH3), 2856.85(C-H for CH3symmetric), 1745.56(C=O for ester), 1457.26(C-H for CH2), 1162.43( C-C Stretching vibration) and 721.58 (CH2)n Biodieselsample were analyzed using PerkinElmer GC –MS in total scan mode to identify the fatty acid methyl ester composition. The components in the sample such as hydrocarbons –ester –phenol – alcohol and others.The fatty acids 80% is unsaturated and the 20% is saturated .The major components are 9,12- Octadecadienoic acid ,Hexadecanoicacid,methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester , methyl stearate, Cyclopropaneoctanoic acid and Eicosanoic acid methyl ester constitute about 95%.