Serological Survey of Brucellosis in Camels (Camelus Dromedarius) in Suakin quarantine - Sudan

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2017 to October, 2018, in Suakin quarantine, Red Sea State, Sudan to determine sero-prevalence of camel (Camelus dromedaries) brucellosis based on Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) and Competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (cELISA).A total of 500sera were collected from dromedary camels from different states which came to Suakin quarantine in the Red Sea State namely: Kassala, north kordofan, red sea and Khartoum. The overall sero-prevalence rate in the quarantine using modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) was 6% (No .of positive cases = 30). The Seroprevalence rate in the different states as follow: from Khartoum was 8.2% (No. of positive cases = 8) , Kassala was 6.6% (No. of positive cases = 13), 4.5% (No. of positive cases = 7) from north kordofan, 4.2% (No. of positive cases =2) from red sea and. Statistically the difference between the states was not significant (Chi- square = 1.928 df = 3 P-value = 0.587 > 0.05). Furthermore, sero-prevalence rate in females was 2.2% (No. of positive cases =1) and in males was 6.4% (No. of positive cases = 29). Also statistically the difference between the sex and brucellosis was not significant (Chi- square = 1.315 df = 1 P-value = 0.252 > 0.005).Also no association between age and purpose with the disease respectively,(chi square =5.166 df =1p-value=0.23>.0.005 , chi square =1.453 df =1 1p-value=0.23>.0.005 .only one strong association was observed for breed and presence of the disease (Chi-square = 11.330 df = 1 P-value 0.001 < 0.005).Among the 500 serum samples collected from Suakin quarantine, only 30 samples that were positive with mRBPT were chosen for examination with cELISA as confirmatory test; the later test showed 24 sero-positives. Seroprevalence rate of camel brucellosis using mRBPT was relatively high in the quarantine, hence, comprehensive control programme which include serological diagnosis followed by vaccination are recommended.