Measurement of Plasma Lipid Profile in Sudanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Reference to Gender and Haemoglobin - A1c Levels

Abstract

A cross-sectional study conducted during the period, November 2009 to July 2010, comparing the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density and low density lipoproteins of 70 Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (35 males and 35 females) as a test group, 38 of them with controlled diabetes mellitus and 32 with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Participants in this study were from Jaber Abu Alezz center in Khartoum state, Sudan. Males and females were matched in term of age. The plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density, low density lipoproteins and whole blood for Hb A1c were measured using BTS 305 spectrophotometer and commercial Kits from Biosystem Company. The mean of the plasma levels of total cholesterol was significantly raised when females compared to males (p=0.004) and also raised in the uncontrolled group when compared to the controlled diabetic group (p=0.049). The mean of the plasma levels of triglycerides was not significantly differ when males compared to females (p=0.717) and also when the controlled group compared to uncontrolled diabetic group (p=0.771). The mean of the plasma levels of high density lipoproteins was significantly raised when females compared to males (p=0.000), while there was no significant differences between the controlled group and uncontrolled diabetic group (p=0.978). The mean of the plasma levels of low density lipoproteins was significantly raised when females compared to males (p=0.020) and also raised when the uncontrolled group compared to the controlled diabetic group (p=0.032). In the diabetic group, the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoproteins showed a very weak positive correlation with the duration. No correlation was found with low density lipoproteins. From the results of this study, it is concluded that: diabetes mellitus increases the plasma levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins more adversely in females compared to males and hence the risk of cardiovascular disease increase in females compared to males. In addition, uncontrolled diabetic patients are at high risk for atherosclerosis compared to controlled diabetics.