Assessment of Bacterial Contamination and Risk factors in Fish Farms in Khartoum State

Abstract

This study was conducted in the period from August to November 2016 , in fish farms in Khartoum State aim they to investigate the bacterial contamination in their farms . The critical points that associated with environment in this farms were also conducted using questionnaire survey to under stand on the personal hygiene of the workers . Samples (swaps) (n=150) were collected from two sites , the gills and skin of the fish , the isolates were two types of gram negative bacteria e.coli and salmonella .Bacteriological analyses were performed using accredited methods . Salmonella found in 60 isolate (40%) and e.coli had 50 isolate(33.3%) and the mixed sample which contain salmonella and e.coli together about 40 isolate (26.7%) .From this study salmonella had the highest prevalence in Khartoum Bahri , whereas e.coli recorded the highest prevalence in Omdurman . The gills sample had the highest number of bacteria . In this study , the total plate count for all samples ranged between 7.00 to 7.18 this number was not accepted limit mentioned by SSMO which had limit 5 for fresh fish products . Violations of hygienic practices were also observed . The study provided background data that could help in applying HACCP in fish farms to ensure safe fish products for human consumption . Furthermore , the critical control points were differenced where hygienic violations occur to help fish farmers correcting the deviation in their included . The bacterial contamination problem should be resolved by the use of good manufacturing procedures and the strict application of sanitary practices .