Association Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Vitamin D Deficiency in Khartoum State

Abstract

Background: Iron-deficiency anemia : Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague, including feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath, or poor ability to exercise. A significant association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia has been reported throughout the world. Objective: this study aimed to determine Association between iron deficiency anemia and vitamin D deficiency Material and method: This study was a case-control study. Conducted to determine level of Hb and iron profile among 130 subjects of male and female with age mean (38 and 44 for case and control respectively). The study was conducted in Dar Alalam for nutrition consultation in Khartoum state, in the period from January 2017 to December 2018. Five milliliters (ml) of venous blood were collected from each participant, in heparin blood tube for iron profile and vitamin D estimation, to perform Serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were measured by spectrophotometer method (DIRUI, DR-7000D), serum ferritin by immunoassay (EASY-READER), and vitamin D level using a fluorescent nanoparticle immunoassay (FRIND TM,Nano Entek ). Result: 22.5% of the patients and 24% of the control group were males while 77.5% of the patients and 76% of the control group were females. Mean age for patients and control groups was 38 and 44 years respectively, Body mass index (BMI) was slightly increase in patients compared to control group (Mean: 35.1 and 33.8 respectively). All patients were anaemic; mean haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in patients compared to control group. The results of iron profile confirm the presence of iron deficiency in patients group, while all parameters were normal in the control group. Vitamin D level was found significantly lower in patients with iron deficiency compared to apparently healthy controls. Vitamin D was found deficient (<ng/dl) in 45(56.3%) of the patients and 7(14%) of the control group; there was statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and iron deficiency (P.value=0.00) Conclusion: Iron profile confirm the presence of iron deficiency in patients group, Vitamin D was found deficient (<ng/dl) in 45(56.3%) of the patients and 7(14%) of the control group; there was statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and iron deficiency (P.value=0.00)