The role of IFN- Receptor-1 gene Polymorphism in the Development of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Sudanese Patients

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a killing infectious bacterial disease with socioeconomic and grave public health implications. Approximately two thirds of global population infected with M. tuberculosis and only 10% of individuals develop clinical disease. Sudan is one of the few countries which suffer from high burden of disease accounting for 209 cases/100,000 population. A number of host genetic factors including gamma interferon influence disease susceptibility. The cytokine mediates immunity for control of progressive infection. Thus, mutations within gamma interferon receptor 1 (IFN-γR1) result in increased susceptibility to pulmonary TB (PTB). This study was carried out in Khartoum state during the period from January 2015to December 2016 to improve detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sudanese with symptoms of tuberculosis infection using different conventional and advanced diagnostic techniques. One hundred specimens of blood and sputum were collected from different hospitals in Khartoum State including Abu Anja Hospital, Tropical Disease Teaching Hospital, Elasha’ab Teaching Hospital, Umdrman Hospital and Police Hospital. By using Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique was adopted to detect mutation in genes. This study showed that the gene extracted from immune cells of infected TB patient at genomic position +95, _56 using PCR-RFLP or at position +295deletion 12 employing PCR-CTPP method. There is no mutation in position +95, in_56 there is 23 mutations was statistically insignificant(p-value=0.771) and at position +295deletion 12 there is 10 mutations found its non-significant (p-value=0.343). Research findings revealed that the four-demographic data gender, BCG vaccination, socioeconomic status and smoking were significant (P-value=0.000) XIII associated with increased risk of novel development of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). In conclusion, this study was designed to determine the role of three polymorphisms located within the promoter region of IFN-γR1 gene in triggering development of TB among Sudanese patients. Collected data showed that the tested polymorphisms have potential link in increasing risk of developing TB among Sudanese patients in position _56 and +295deletion 12 but in +95 there is no risk.