Molecular Detection of Extended- Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and MCR-1 Genes in Gram negative Isolated from patient of Urinary Tract Infections in Khartoum State

Abstract

This study aimed to detect extended specterum beta lactamase genes in Gram negative bacteria associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Khartoum State. Ninty one urine specimens were collected in this study. Samples were cultured on CLED agar and bacteria were identified by the conventional biochemical methods. Modified Kirby-Bauer method was usedfor sensitivity testing by using the following antibiotics: Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Co-trimoxazole, Imipenem and Ceftazidime. A total of 44% of the isolates were sensitive to Gentamicin, 37% were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, 45% were sensitive to Co-trimoxazole, 79% were sensitive to Imipenem and 27% were sensitive to Ceftazidime. Boiling method was used for DNA extraction, and multiplex PCR was conducted to detect TEM, AmpC, MCR-1, SHV and CTX-M genes in Gram negative isolates. The majority of participants were females (49) while 42 males participated. Eighty nineisolates were positive to one or more ESBL gene while two samples were negative to all genes. The result of multiplex PCR came as follow: FiftyE. coli, 7 Klebsiella pneumonia, towPseudomonas aeruginosa and fiveProteus species were positive to CTX-M gene. All Citrobacter isolates were negative to CTX-M gene. Forty five(49.4%) isolates were found positive forAmpC gene. Thirty one isolates (34.06%) were found positive forTEM gene,six (6.6%)were found positive for SHV gene, and thirty five (38.46%) were found positive forMCR-1 gene. All proteus species were negative to MCR-1 and TEM genes.As a conclusion, CTX-M gene is predominant among uropathogens and Imipenem has been found to be the best effective antibiotic.