Characterization of kidneysinDiabetic Patients using Computerized Tomography

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia; it is usually caused by an insufficient insulin secretion by the pancreas. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of diabetes on the patient‘s kidneys in order to differentiate these changes from normal ones and hence to help in providing better health care. The sample of this study was of convenient types which consisted of 100 normal and 50 diabetic patients covering various ages (10 up to 70 years)withdifferentdiabetes duration.The samples of diabetic patients were (77females and 73males). All patients underwent computed tomography for abdomen, gettingplain scans, and scan with contrast media. The study was done at general complex of Omer Sawy(Neusoft multi-slice CT Scanner System Model: 128slices,Antalya Medical Center (general electrical 4 slices) and Modern Medical Center (general electrical 16 slices)).The demographic data were collected including (age, gender, weight, and height).Both kidneys at the upper calyx, renal pelvis, and lower calyx were measured at all directions which showed that the medial upper calyces for the left kidney measured in axial direction were significantly larger than the right kidney at p≤0.001. The measurements were done for the right and left kidneys length, width, cortex and medulla.CT number (Hounsfield units) for cortex and medulla in the two studied groups (normal control and diabetes group), presented as mean, standard deviation and p-values. There were significant difference between the kidney width of the control and diabetes group for the right and left kidneys at p≤0.000 and 0.019 respectively.The measurements were also done in the axial planes for the cortex and medulla. Significant changes were detected for both kidneys in the cortex and medulla at p≤ 0.000 in each of the cortex and 0.010 and 0.001for the medulla as compared with the controls. The impact of the diabetes duration on the kidneys length and width presented the results and showed that as the diabetes duration increased the left kidney width increased by 0.377mm starting from 42.59mm and the impact/contribution of the diabetes to cause effect on the left kidney width measurement was 82%. Whereas the right kidney width increased by 0.460mm starting from 41.31mm and the impact/contribution of the diabetes to cause effect on the width measurement was 70%. For the left kidney length, as the diabetes duration increased the left kidney length decreased by 0.060mm starting from 99.14mm and as the diabetes duration increased, the right kidney length decreased by 0.058mm starting from 96.74mm. The research agreed with previous studies which showed that the left kidney was larger than the right. The main finding of study showed that, diabetes affected theparenchyma thickness, and CT number. CT has greatvaluein detecting the renal changes that take place on people who suffer diabetes mellitus.