Prevalence and Risk Factors of Camel Hydatidosis in Tambul Region Sudan

Abstract

Abattoir survey was conducted on 256 camels slaughtered at Tambul slaughter house in Butana Area- Sudan, during the period which extended from April to July 2013. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of hydatid cysts in camel and to investigate risk factors associated with the disease. Routine meat inspection procedure was employed to detect the presence of hydatid cyst in visceral organs (lung, liver, heart and spleen). Selected camels originated from eight localities: Darfour, Kurdofan, Kassala, Butana, Gadarif, Sennar, White Nile and Managil. The overall prevalence was 8.6% . The prevalence of hydatid cysts infection according to age of camels was 16.3% in animals more than ten years, 7.8% in animals from five to ten years and 2.4% in animals less than five years. The distribution of the hydatid cysts according to the area (source) of camel was 9.2% in Darfour, 4.2% in Kurdofan, zero% in Kassala, 9% in Butana, 4% in Gadarif , 100% in Sennar, 0% in White Nile and zero% in Mangil. Regarding body condition the prevalence of hydatidosis was 8.7% in good body condition animals and 8.4% in poor body condition. Regarding distribution by sex, the prevalence of hydatid cysts was 3.8% in male and 10.1% in female. The prevalence of hydatidosis in breed of animals was 9.2% in Rezegat breed , 17.6% in Kabashi breed , 6.5% in Shokri breed , 11.7% in Rufaee breed , zero% in Bne-aamer breed and zero% in Kuahla breed. The results of the univariate analysis, using the Chi-square showed significant (less than or equal 0.25) association between the prevalence of hydatidosis and the following risk factors : sex of animal (P-value = 0.104), age of animal (p-value = 0.054), body and management (P-value = 0.092). Using multivariate analysis to determine the association between hydatidosis and potential risk factors, sex, no risk factors were found significantly(≤ 0.05) associated with hydatidosis . Our study showed that the lung was the most infected organ 95.5% followed by the liver and lung 4.5%. No cyst was found in heart, spleen, kidnyes and peritonieum . Microscopic examination of the 41 cysts showed that 20 cysts were fertile and viable, 7 cysts were fertile but nonviable and 14 cysts were sterile.