Volume 20 No. 1
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/23031
2024-03-28T21:03:11ZManufacture of Sole from Leather and Rubber Wastes blends
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/23164
Manufacture of Sole from Leather and Rubber Wastes blends
Elsiddig, M. E.; ElAmin, I. H. Mohamed; Gasmelseed, G.A.
The aim of this Study was to manufacture sole from buffing leather waste and buffing rubber waste. Through tanning process a large amount of solid waste produced from leather manufacturing. Leather buffing dust is a waste from buffing operations and constitutes an important part of solid wastes. The leather and rubber buffing wastes resulted from buffing machine were blended and mixed with Polyurethane adhesive in different formulations. Mechanical properties of experimental footwear sole, such as tensile strength, elongations and hardness. Density test was determined as a physical test. The leather and rubber buffing wastes were blended successfully and the result showed that, tensile strength was 28.8 (kg/cm2), elongation 50 (%), hardness 81 (shore A) and density 0.91 (gm/cc). It is concluded the optimum different composition of leather and rubber buffing wastes blends (leather\rubber 50:50) provided good mechanical and physical properties of sole.
2019-06-01T00:00:00ZEvaluation of Ketamine as a General Anesthetic for Domestic Fowl Chicks
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/23162
Evaluation of Ketamine as a General Anesthetic for Domestic Fowl Chicks
Elowni, Elsayed E.; Sanhouri, Ahmed A.; Dafalla, Roaa A.; Makky, , Enaam A. M.; Aldood, Mogahid Eid; Yassin, Mohanad A.
Ketamine is a cyclohexanone derivative with analgesic and anesthetic properties. The drug is recommended for use in a wide range of avian species. Studies on its effects on small birds, however, are apparently lacking. In this study, the drug was tested in 3-day-old domestic fowl chicks administered as a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection at 2.5, 5, 10 or 30 mg/kg body weight. A dose of 30 mg/kg was instantly lethal to these birds. Drug toxicity was expressed by the formula y = 1.191x + 1.375 using probit analysis with LD50 and LD99 values at 40.83 and 81.97 mg/kg, respectively. The therapeutic index (TI) was 24.4 indicating a wide margin of drug safety. The time for onset of anesthesia was rapid (10- 60 seconds) depending upon dose level with drug dose and response inversely related (y = - 25x + 77.33). Recovery from anesthesia was consistently smooth and varied between 40-60 min also depending upon dose level. The dose and response, however, are positively correlated (y = 9.5x + 34). . Apart from transient salivation in one bird, no untoward effects were observed up to 3 weeks when the experiments were terminated. The domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus), as a species, is considered a unique experimental model in immunological research where surgical intervention at an early stage is the tool. This approach, however, requires an effective and a safe anesthetic agent for application in such small birds. Further clinical evaluation may prove ketamine a useful general anesthetic for domestic fowl chicks and perhaps other bird species.
2019-06-01T00:00:00ZAssessing the Reproductive and Productive Performance of Indigenous Chickens in Gash-Barka region of Eritrea
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/23085
Assessing the Reproductive and Productive Performance of Indigenous Chickens in Gash-Barka region of Eritrea
Habteslasie, Hortuma Asefaw; Araya, Mengistu Russom
The study was conducted in three sub-zones (Shambqo, Molqi and Logo-Anseba) of Gash-Barka region of Eritrea with objective of assessing the productive and reproductive performance of indigenous chickens (IC) of Eritrea kept under traditional/ village condition. A total of 111 chicken rearing smallholder farmers were interviewed to collect required information using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. The study revealed that, IC production appears to be an important activity in all surveyed sub-zones. This is indicated by the high IC holding per household that is 19.3, 13.3 and 15 for Shambqo, Molqi and Logo-Anseba, respectively. Furthermore, 43.2% of these households rear more than 15 indigenous chickens with sex ratio of four hens to one cock. The effective population size and the rate of inbreeding calculated were 4.87 and 0.11, respectively. The investigation revealed that IC was reared mainly for egg production and earning cash income. The IC production system was a backyard extensive production system. IC ecotypes were managed mainly on scavenging with regular feed supplementation. The average age of male at first mating was 5.46 ± 0.08 months while female at first egg was 6.08 ±0.07 months. The number of clutch per hen per year, eggs per clutch and total eggs produced per hen per year were 3.38±0.05, 11.53±0.27 and 38.88±1.06 eggs, respectively. Significant (p<0.05) differences were found among the sub-zone in all the above traits except for cockerels age at first mating. The hatchability and survival rate of chicks were found to be 76.87% and 48.6%, respectively.
2019-06-01T00:00:00ZThe Effect of Duckweed Supplementation on Egg Production and Egg Quality of White Leghorn Layers
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/23084
The Effect of Duckweed Supplementation on Egg Production and Egg Quality of White Leghorn Layers
Goitom, Kesete; Asghedom, Goitom
Chicken production plays an important role in the economy of Eritrea. In Eritrea duckweed (DW) is not yet utilized as poultry feed due to lack of knowledge on its use and nutritional value. Therefore a feeding trial was carried out to examine the effect of duckweed supplementation on egg production of white leghorn. The control diet consists of locally available commercial layer ration. A total of 120 White leghorn layers (60 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to four treatments. Each treatment contained three replicates of ten birds each. Each treatment contained sun dried DW (CP 15.05, CF 25.7%) at 0, 5, 15 and 25% by weight. The experiment was continued for a period of eight weeks after 10 days of adaptation. Increasing levels of DW in the ration showed no significant effect on egg production, body weight, feed intake, egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness and shape index. However egg yolk color (P< 0.001) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05) showed significant differences. The mean egg production of the birds was 330 eggs (57.60%) for the control diet (0% DW). 336.7 (58.90%) for 5% DW and 15% DW and 227 (48.20%) for 25% DW level. So DW can serve as a viable alternative protein supplement to layers ration in Eritrea up to 15%.
2019-06-01T00:00:00Z