PhD theses : Water & Environmental Engineering
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/1310
2024-03-28T18:06:01ZOptimum Water Wells Design for Nubian Sandstone Formations in Khartoum Bahri and Omdurman area (Kartoum State – Sudan)
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/25169
Optimum Water Wells Design for Nubian Sandstone Formations in Khartoum Bahri and Omdurman area (Kartoum State – Sudan)
Ginheer, Areej Eltaj Eltip; Supervisor, -Ahmed Abdelaziz Ibrahim; Co-Supervisor, -Mohammed Adam Ginaya
The ground water is the most important water resources in Sudan, recently the huge demand of groundwater in Khartoum Bahri and Omdurman area (Khartoum State – Sudan) increase due to the population and human activities increasing. Supplying and meeting these water needs for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes subjected a huge problem to governmental bodies. Optimum water well designing is very important and represents a considerable urgent need for maximum well life and good water quality with low cost. For obtaining the optimum well design for Bahri and Omdurman area, the study followed three steps, many applications were done and the results were discussed. Firstly the lithology model for the Bahri area was created and other for the Omdurman area as well using Rock Works Software program for giving lithology description and aquifers nature for two areas. Then the water quality and hydrogeological conditions were evaluated for the lower aquifer (Nubian sandstone aquifer) for Khartoum Bahri and Omdurman area by constructing contour maps using an ARC GIS program. Lastly, these outputs (the aquifers nature and the hydrogeological information) were applied with the theoretical procedures for the well design to obtain the optimum well design for Khartoum Bahri area and Omdurman area. The study was concluded, there are two aquifers (upper and Lower) in Bahri and the same also upper and Lower in Omdurman area. The Bahri upper one has small thickness and not continuous. It includes Umm Ruwaba Formations and Superficial deposits and subject to pollution by sewage wells, therefore this aquifer must be sealed in designing the wells. The Omdurman upper one includes sand stone formations also subject to contamination due to sewage wells. The Lower one in Khartoum Bahri and Omdurman area is the Nubian sandstone aquifer and considers the main aquifer, the Omdurman lower aquifer is deeper than Bahri lower aquifer. From the Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) values of the lower aquifer in the two areas the Lower aquifer water is fit for drinking except the Elaolyab area in the Bahri and the south western part of the Omdurman area. Also in the two areas the lower aquifer water not corrosive according to the TDS and PH values, therefore the Mild steel casing is optimum for the Khartoum Bahri area and Omdurman area. The lower aquifer water in eastern and northern parts of the Bahri area is incrusting, and then a stainless steel screen with a large open area must be used in these areas to offset the effects of screen blockage. Also the Omdurman lower aquifer water is incrusting then a stainless steel screen with a large open area is the optimum for the Omdurman area to offset the effects of screen blockage. This study is recommended for obtaining optimum water wells design.
Thesis
2020-09-11T00:00:00ZOptimum Utillization Of Water Case Study: Wadi Nyala - South Dar Fur State
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/24295
Optimum Utillization Of Water Case Study: Wadi Nyala - South Dar Fur State
Yousif, Amani Maaz Hema; Supervisor, -Abbas Abdalla Ibrahim
The Water Resources Management (WRM) concept was applied to the IWRM study in South Darfur, Western Sudan. This concept was chosen because it is straight forward, simple and logical. The data required to determine the use of domestic water, industrial water, agricultural water, surface water, rainwater, and groundwater were quantitative and qualitative. This approach requires the application of simple statistical models of statistical models, as well as advanced programs. The required data included definitions and calculations for standard and standard deviations along with more advanced statistical parameters such as coefficient of variation, deviation, and correction.
Software applications have paved the way for solving parallel problems to solve water problems and achieve goals. In addition, a proposal was put forward to establish an integrated water resources management committee in the state of South Darfur, in parallel with the current and expected population growth. The most important results are the state of South Darfur, which accounts for 20% of the total area of Sudan. The annual flows are about 14 milliards M3, about 17% of all South Darfur flows are runoff waters in Wadies
Thesis
2019-09-22T00:00:00ZINTERACTION OF IRRIGATED AREAS POWER AND SEDIMENT IN AL ROSEIRES DAM
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/18477
INTERACTION OF IRRIGATED AREAS POWER AND SEDIMENT IN AL ROSEIRES DAM
ELAMEIN, NABELA HAMED
Dams and reservoirs are constructed in rivers for multipurpose. Hydropower, and irrigation, are predominant. Although irrigated agriculture in Sudan produces about 50 % of the total crop production, yet it is associated with painstaking of removing sediments from the irrigation network system. Sedimentation problem endangers operation performance of Reseires Dam Reservoir. Furthermore Roseires Dam Reservoir is suffering from downstream river bank erosion, insufficient irrigation water for the agricultural schemes, with problems in power generation.
The objective of this study is to assess the relations of sediment and water used for irrigation. The objective is extended to indicate the interaction among discharge sediment and power generation.
To solve these problems and fulfill these objectives the researcher conducted dimensional analysis using Buckingham pi theorem and SPSS models, using both simple and multiple correlation. The software name of SPSS originally stood for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The simple correlation gave acceptable results with high correlation coefficients. Complete set of dimensionless groups were obtained using the rules of dimensionless analysis and theory of models in the multiple regression correlation. The results obtained clearly defined the interationship among the four groups in a single equation.
To reveal the interrelationship among discharge, sediment, generated power and irrigated areas, each dimensionless variable was put as independent variable on the left hand side of the equation and the other three on the right hand side to reveal the interaction and the degree of dependence. Examination of the results indicated good correlation with acceptable error
Thesis
2017-02-04T00:00:00ZRunoff Prediction for Great Dar Fur using Statistical Methods and GIS
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/17637
Runoff Prediction for Great Dar Fur using Statistical Methods and GIS
Ali, Tyseer Yhya Moustafa
The quantification of runoff and need to estimate surface water resources in wadis systems is a major field of research. Multiple regression formula for annual stream flow was established using discharge gauged stations and catchment characteristics to calculate the flows in wadis within the homogeneous region for Dar Fur States.Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques produced digital-hydrological maps and formulated a useful tool for rainfall-runoff prediction equations. Produced maps were based on elevation data provided by Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, SRTM. Hydrological mapping was done through several sub-software toolssuch as Arc hydro, 3D analysis, and ArcScence in (GIS) program. For data analysis, the XLSTAT tools in Excel program was used. The aim was to determine the best distribution of rainfall data that was used as one of the parameters in the model. After distribution in layers by using Kringing Method, together with XLSTAT tools multiple regression equations were evaluated. Three multiple regression equations were developed for the three states West, North, and South Dar Fur. They were conducted in order to relate stream flow in the hydrometric stations and independent characteristics of the catchments upstream of the stations. These characteristics were mean areal precipitation, catchment area, catchment mean slope, and stream length.
These relations were summarized for three water resource regions in Dar Fur. They produced (correlation coefficient) values ranging from 0.995 to 0.999.Some stations were chosen to verify accuracy of relationship. Finally, the total annual flow was calculated for the three states based on major wadis flow. in the west Dar Fur State the available measured annual discharge forwadi Azum was(487 M.cm) but the calculateddone for two wadis Azum and Kaja were (2348 M.cm), and the measured and calculated annual discharge for two wadis Alku and Howar in North Dar Fur were (103.03 M.cm),(110.9 M.cm) respectively.and the measured and calculated annual discharge for five wadis were Nyala, Negeida, Ibra, Bulbul, and Kaya in South Dar Fur statewere(1141 M.cm),(462.801 M.cm)respectively. These calculated results were compared and discussed with previous studies in Dar Fur, and found more accurate. The study highly recommended using XLSTAT tools in Excel with High resolutions DEMs, and other method of flow estimation in catchment should be used.
Thesis
2017-03-21T00:00:00Z