College of Agricultural Studies
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/1164
2024-03-28T07:14:36ZEffects of Flushing and Supplementation with Selenium and Vitamin E on Reproductive Performance of Two Sudanese Desert Sheep Ecotypes (Dubasi and Ashugar) DuringThe Dry Season
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/28324
Effects of Flushing and Supplementation with Selenium and Vitamin E on Reproductive Performance of Two Sudanese Desert Sheep Ecotypes (Dubasi and Ashugar) DuringThe Dry Season
Mohamed, Omer Mohamed Lieri; Supervisor, AbdelAziz Makkawi AbdelRahman Mohammed; Co-Supervisor, Mohammed Gabir Morkaz Mahil
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two flushing systems (high concentrate + moderate concentrate) and three supplementation levels of Selenium (Se) plus vitamin E on reproductive performance of Gezira desert sheep (Shugor and Dubasi) under Gezira area and similar ecological zones. The objectives of this study are to improve Gezira desert sheep reproductive performance and to help maximize overall production efficiency. Thirty six mature ewes ecotype (Dubasi and Shugor) of age 2 to 3 years and average initial body weight of 36kg and four rams of 3 to 4years of age and average body weight of 45kg were kept in Rural Development and Extension Center in Al-Managil. Three planes of nutrition were used (A control- concentrate diet containing 13% CP and 11.5MJ/kg DM of metabolizable energy – ME. A moderate concentrate diet containing 16%CP and 12.8MJ/kg DM of ME and a high concentrate diet containing 18%CP and 13.3 MJ/kg DM of ME in addition to Groundnut hulls as a roughages diet. Three levels of Se and vit.E, were used with were three rations for all treatments, which were formulated to supply (13–18) % CP and (11.5-13.3) MJ/Kg DM. The experimental animals were divided randomly into six groups of 3 animals per group. The effect of flushing systems on ewes reproductive performance indicated that flushed ewes had higher oestrus rate (P≤0.05), higher ovulation rate (p≤0.05) and higher conception rate (P≤0.05). They also had reduced abortion rate (P≤0.05) and minimized pregnancy stresses and had no ewes mortality. Abortion rate of 33% was reduced in the control group of Dubasi. The gestation period for all flushed animals ranged between 148 to 151days, with no significant differences (P≥0.05). The effects of flushing systems and supplementation levels of Se+ vit.E recorded also higher fertility percentage (P≤0.05), higher lambing rate (P≤0.05) and higher litter size (P≤0.05) and also recorded higher (P≤0.05) lamb birth weight (P≤0.05) and higher pre-weaning growth rate at age of 30-60 and 120 days. The results of this study for haematological parameters indicated that Shugor ewes recorded high significant difference (P≤0.05) for haemoglobin concentration while Dubasi recorded non-significant difference. Results of white blood cells showed high significant difference (P≤0.05) for both ecotypes. The highest mean values for RBC were recorded for moderate conc., high conc. and high conc. + full dose of selenium groups. A high significant difference at (P≤0.05) was recorded for PCV percent for Shugor ecotype. The highest mean value were recorded for high conc. and high conc. + full dose of selenium experimental groups. The effects of the flushing systems and supplementation levels of Se+ vit.E on serum blood components (biochemical parameters) indicated higher significant (P≤0.05) total protein, higher (P≤0.05) total albumin and higher (P≤0.05) glucose in the third month for both ecotype. Cholesterol recorded a high significant difference (P≤0.05) in the second and third months for both ecotypes. Phosphorus recorded high significant difference (P≤0.05) in the first, second and third month, while Dubasi recorded non-significant difference. Calcium recorded a higher significant difference (P≤0.05) for Dubasi, while Shugor recorded significant difference (P≤0.05) in the first month only. In general, flushing regime increased these metabolites associated with improvement in production capabilities, reproductive performance and positive energy balance in small ruminants.
Thesis
2022-01-05T00:00:00ZAssessment and Improvement Proposals for some Parks in Khartoum and Gezira States with Reference to a Standard Park
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/28195
Assessment and Improvement Proposals for some Parks in Khartoum and Gezira States with Reference to a Standard Park
Mustafa, Suad Khider Ahmed; Supervisor, -Mahmoud Ibrahim Yagi and; Co-Supervisor, -Tag El Sir Ibrahim Mohammed
This study was carried out in Sudan University of Science and Technology to evaluate El Hurriya
Park in Khartoum State and El Gezira Tourist Park in Gezira State with reference to Zabeel Park
in Dubai Emerate. The study began in January 2019 and continued to January 2022. Research
methodology include: Collection and inventory of information, field visits and questionnaire
servuy. The field visits results found that the plant diversity in Zabeel Park is more than the plant
diversity in both of El Hurriya Park and El Gezira Tourist Park. Also, Zabeel Park is more
integrated in the architectural components and park facilities than El Hurriya Park and than El
Gezira Tourist Parks. It is also found that the landscape style in El Hurriya and El Gezira Tourist
Parks is formal style and in Zabeel Park is natural style. The questionnaire data was analysed by
using (SPSS) program and when studying the social groups that vist the study parks the results
confirmed that more than (60%) of respondents were males, more than (85%) of them are younger
than (35) years and that almost (80%) of respondents were university educated and born in urban
areas. Research findings showed that the two main goals for which more than (90%) of
respondents visit El Hurriya and El Gezira Tourist Parks are enjoying the outdoors or nature and
meeting relatives, friends and neighbors. It is also found that (63%) and (36%) of respondents in
El Hurriya and El Gezira Tourist Parks, respectively, have frequent visits to the study parks, while
(17%) and (38%) of them rarely visit the parks due to lack of time, lack of parks facilities, high
cost of parks visit and far parks location. Assessing the importance of parks to the overall quality
of life it is found that (89%) of the study parks respondents rated it as either very important or
important. When investigating the current status of the study parks about half of El Hurriya Park
respondents rate it as fair, while the other half rate it as either good or poor. On the other hand,
(69%) of El Gezira Tourist Park respondents rated it as either excellent or good and (26%) rate it
as fair. When evaluating visiting and exploiting of respondents to the study parks the overall
assessment of the results revealed that the characteristics that respondents prefer larger central
parks over smaller parks close to their houses and that they can get to the parks site easily are
satisfied. Additionally, the overall assessment of the results revealed that the characteristics that
respondents enjoy spending good times in the parks, and that they would like to visit the parks
again, and more parks are needed in Khartoum and Gezira State are strongly satisfied. When
evaluating the social effects of the study parks design on the local community results found that
(98%) of respondents visit the parks in groups concluding that parks in Sudan are places for social
participation generating community cohesion. Results stated that the overall assessment of the
service dimentions in El Hurriya Park and in El Gezira Tourist Park is partially satisfied. Findings
showed that the overall assessment of the environmental hazards resulting from the establishment
of both El Hurriya Park and El Gezira Tourist Parks is partially satisfied. In El Hurriya Park the
overall assessment of the environmental and the aesthetic effects of the park design on the local
community is partially satisfied. Environmentaly, due to the fewer number of plants and the lack
in shady trees. Aestheticly, the park is in lack of ornamental plants and flowering beds, lawn
fields are not mowed, the park design is normal with no attractive or artestic elements and the
hedges and fences are not prunned in wonderful shapes. On the other hand, in El Gezira Tourist
Park the overall assessment of the environmental and the aesthetic effects of the park design on
the local community is satisfied.
Thesis
2022-12-29T00:00:00ZManagement, Biology and Ecology of the Fall Army Worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)in Sudan
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/28118
Management, Biology and Ecology of the Fall Army Worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)in Sudan
Abadi, Nada Elshiekh Mohammed Kona; Supervisor, -Awad KhalafallaTaha Elhag; Co- Supervisor, -Mohammed ElnazirE. Mahmoud
A survey was conducted to determine the levels of infestation, distribution and main hosts of fall army worm in 2018, one year after it,s discovery in Sudan. The Survey included 15 sites in nine States (eg, Northern, Khartoum, Al Gazira, Sinnar, Gedaref, Kassala, Blue Nile,South Kordofan and West Darfur States,).
The final results of the survey showed that the affected area reached about 22.06% of the total area surveyed (more than 6ooo feddan). The main host plants found were Maize (Zea mays) Sorghum (sorghum Bicolor), Sunflowres (Helianthus giganteus), Sesame (sesamum indicum), paenut (Aarchis hypogaea), Tomatoes (Solanumlycopersicum) and Millet (pennisetum glaucum) With special preference to maize.
In Khartoum State, the studies conducted showed that there was significant difference between Mean Percentage ofdamage of the FAW in five areas (Shambat, Alshehainab, Touti Alfaki-Hashim and Kafouri) during October, November and December (2018). Mean Percentage of damage of the FAW in November and December was significantly higher than October. Also, The Mean Percentage of damage of the FAWin Shambat and Alshehainab, Touti were significantly higher than Alfaki-Hashim and Kafouri.
Detailed laboratory experiments were carried out to study the life cycle and annual generations of the fall army worm.In this respectRandomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) were carried out during the period from September 2018 up to August 2019. The Fall armyworm (FAW) was reared in the laboratory and fed on a nutrient medium composed of corn leaves. The results displayed the range of eggs laid by a female was 890–1169 eggs. The egg incubation period ranged between 3-13 days. The larval duration ranged between (13-50) days and the pupal duration was ranged between (7-20) days under a temperature of 21-30◦c and a Relative Humidity (RH) of 65 ± 5%. The longevity of the adults was 1-20 days, and the range of the full lifecycle was (24-100) days. Six generations of FAW were obtained within one year. This study also showed that in Sudan FAW breeds continuously through out the year
The results of the collection and identification of natural enemies of fall army worm in Khartoum Stateshowed that, there are more than 20 different species of natural enemies. The collection of predators included: 5 species from Coleoptera, two species from Hemiptera, two species from Dermaptera, 5 species from Hymenoptera,3 different species of flies from Dipter. In addition, a number of larvae were found infected by different species of micro-organisms.
With respect to biological controlof this pest experiments with an extract of a solution of Pathogenic Micro-organisms was tried and the result showed a good efficacy against FAW larvae under field condition.
Furthermore and looking for efficient, less cost and environmentally friendly plant extract control methods for controlling fall armyworm worm in cereal crops. A Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) experiments with three replications were conducted in the laboratory to investigate the insecticidal effects of four plant extracts consisting of ethanolic extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds, Black pepper (Piper nigrum) seeds, Usher (Calotropis procera ) leaves and water extracts of Argel (Solenostemma argel) leaves on larvae of the Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda). Newly emerged larvae of FAW were treated topically by 4 concentrations (10, 25, 50 and 75%) of each extract, and then the larval mortalities were calculated after 24, 48 and72 hrs. The results showed that, the highest concentrations (75%) of the three ethanolic extracts gave higher mortality percentages (100%) after 72 hrs of exposure, compared with other concentrations. Also, these were not significantly different from the recommended dose of the standard pesticide “Spinosad”. On the other hand, Argel water extract showed no effect on the (FAW) larvae.
Thesis
2022-11-12T00:00:00ZEffect of Water Scarcity and Feed Supplementation under Natural Grazing on the Performance of the Desert Sheep (Hamari) in Um Rawaba Locality - North Kordofan State
https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/28109
Effect of Water Scarcity and Feed Supplementation under Natural Grazing on the Performance of the Desert Sheep (Hamari) in Um Rawaba Locality - North Kordofan State
Elawad, Abdelmonem Elsadge; Supervisor, - Abdelaziz Makkawy Abdelrahman
This study was conducted to find out the effect of supplementation and water limitation on the reproductive characteristics of desert sheep (Hamry breed) in the Umm Rawaba area, and assessing some biochemical blood components. 100 ewes were selected from the desert sheep, at age 4-5 months. The Ewes were marked and divided randomly into four groups in the form of A, B, C, and D. The first group (A) was allowed to drink water every day and supplemented with additional concentrates consisting of 40% of sorghum, 30% of beans and 29%Wheat bran and 1% salt. Each head of this group was given concentrates 150 g daily, the second group (B) was allowed to drink water every day without supplements, the third group (C) was allowed to drink water with an interval of (2-3) days with supplements, The fourth group (D) was also allowed to drink water with intervals (2-3) days without supplementation,this group is considered as a control group. Regarding reproductive traits, there were no significant differences between treatments, for each of the age at first service, and age at first calving, on the other hand, there were significant differences (P<o.o5) between treatments in abortion, which was 8%, in group B ,and group D 8%,while no abortion in A,C. For mortality 3%and 8% were observed in group C and D respectively . The results of the study also showed that there were no significant differences in weight at birth and weight at weaning between treatments. While the study showed the presence of Significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments in mortality of the newborns.
As for the blood serum samples, estradiol and Triiodothyronine( T3 )hormones when analyzed, no significant differences between the treatments, was observed
As for the Minerals, ca.and p. they were estimated by using voltmeter, and it was noted that no significant differences were found between the treatments. Regarding the biochemical components of the blood under the study, total protein and glucose were evaluated. The study revealed that there were no significant differences between the treatments.
This study concluded that the reproductive characteristics of desert sheep showed improvement when the stress in the search for water and pasture were reduced.
Thesis
2022-01-01T00:00:00Z