College of Engineering Technology Industrieshttps://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/204892024-03-29T10:27:31Z2024-03-29T10:27:31ZUpgrading of Heavy Crudes and Residue for Liquid fuels productionAli, Yasir Abdalla DafaallaSupervisor, -Gurashi Abdalla GasmelseedCo-Supervisor, -Tomadir Awad Ibraheem Hamedhttps://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/278102022-11-14T11:18:27Z2021-10-21T00:00:00ZUpgrading of Heavy Crudes and Residue for Liquid fuels production
Ali, Yasir Abdalla Dafaalla; Supervisor, -Gurashi Abdalla Gasmelseed; Co-Supervisor, -Tomadir Awad Ibraheem Hamed
Trends have predicted that peak oil production, will be reached around 2020-2030, where the production of oil starts to decline after that, there will be less and less oil to refine, the depletion of light oil and the severe shortage of light products is what compelled us to search for solutions to provide the necessities, observe that the crude that feeds the refineries have become more heavy, so it was necessary to develop oil refining processes to meet the production requirements in quantity and quality.
This study aims to search for solutions to the problem of heavy sudanese crude oil and residues to produce light products to fill the shortage, and El Obeid refinery was taken as a case. A detailed simulation of an atmospheric distillation column was performed using Aspen Hysys v.10 software. The model was based on data from the actual plant located in El Obeid refinery in North of Kordofan. Crude oils were described using True Boiling Point (TBP) assays and a Peng-Robinson package was used to predict thermodynamic properties. Three different types of crude oils (Nile Blend, Rawat, Thargath), and 7 blends with different proportions were selected from the previous crude oils.
The simulation results agree well with those of the industrial plant in the case of the Nile blend and the validity of the model is confirmed. The conversion ratio to high-value light products in the atmospheric distillation tower of the Nile blend ware 31%vol, Rawat were 39.7%vol, Thargath were 24.22%vol, Mix 1 were 30.51%vol, Mix 2 were 26.62%vol, Mix3were 31.23%vol, Mix 4 were 28.96%vol, Mix 5 were 30.47%vol, Mix 6 were 27.97%vol and Mix 7 were 27.81%vol.
It was proposed to add a new unit (atmospheric distillation tower) identical to the first distillation tower to increase the inputs to the second proposal (vacuum distillation tower) to convert the residues of towers into light products, four streams were selected from to feed their residues to the vacuum distillation tower, and the residues were converted to high-value light products. The selected streams were (Nile Blend, mix 1, mix 3 and mix 7) and the percentage of convertion into light products were (52.57%, 57.48% ,62.57% and 66.94%) by volume respectively.
These results clearly indicate that blending the Sudanese heavy crudes improves their properties and gives better desired products than Nile blend as in Mix 1, Mix 3 and Mix 7.
Thesis
2021-10-21T00:00:00ZEnhancement of Vehicle Airbag Nylon 66 Fabric Properties Coated with PVA/Silica Nanoparticles CompositeAli, Salma Zakaria SalmanSupervisor, -Hasabo Abdelbagi Mohamed Ahmedhttps://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/276992022-10-20T08:10:14Z2019-05-12T00:00:00ZEnhancement of Vehicle Airbag Nylon 66 Fabric Properties Coated with PVA/Silica Nanoparticles Composite
Ali, Salma Zakaria Salman; Supervisor, -Hasabo Abdelbagi Mohamed Ahmed
The vehicle airbags are safety systems used to cushion the driver or passenger
during a collision and reduce bodily injuries. Airbags are typically made from
woven fabric, which may be coated or uncoated fabric. In this research nylon 66
fabric was Coated with composite of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and different
concentration of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. The fabrics were characterized by
different instruments such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimeter
(DSC),Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Water Contact Angle (WCA), Tensile
Strength Tester and Airpermeability Tester. Nylon 66 fabric was coated with PVA
and higher concentration of silica nanoparticles has a thin layer thickness rechead
to (0.009mm). Moreover, the final dry weight of the coating (PVA/SiO2) material
taken by the nylon 66 fabric is 0.4 gram per square meter. The thermal properties
of nylon 66 coated with PVA/SiO2 nanoparticles has been improved, including
better mechanical properties according to commercial guidelines airbag (FMVSS).
Nylon 66 fabric coated with PVA/SiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated the a
hydrophobicity property. The airpermeability has decreased by increasing the
amount of silica nanoparticles in the composite material.
Thesis
2019-05-12T00:00:00ZHydrophobicity of Cotton Fabric Treated With Silica NanoparticlesHassan, Rahma Adam AissaSupervisor, -HasaboAbdelbagi Mohamed Ahmedhttps://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/274372022-08-28T12:44:37Z2021-11-22T00:00:00ZHydrophobicity of Cotton Fabric Treated With Silica Nanoparticles
Hassan, Rahma Adam Aissa; Supervisor, -HasaboAbdelbagi Mohamed Ahmed
To obtain the hydrophobicity cotton fabrics, cotton fabrics were treated with silica nanoparticles and/or accost effective Water Repellent agent (WR agent).Two different silica nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol–gel process and their shapes, sizes, and compositions were characterized. It was found that silica particles are spherical and have diameters of 150 and 300nm.
For the cotton fabrics treated with the WR agent alone the water contact angles on the fabric surface remained lower than 20°approximately at the WR agent concentration of 0.3wt% or less.
Silica nanoparticle treatment itself did not change the hydrophilic surface of cotton fabric indicating that water drops were absorbed into fabrics due to the hydroxyl groups on both cotton and silica nanoparticle surfaces.
However for the cotton fabrics treated with both silica nanoparticles and the WR agent a contact angle above 105°can be obtained even at the very low WR agent concentration of 0.1wt%.
Therefore,hydrophobic cotton fabrics could be obtained the combined treatment of silica nanoparticle and WR agent, which is cost effective com-pared with fluorinate silane treatment.
Keywords — Hydrophobicity cotton, silica nanoparticles, water Repellent (WR), Contact Angle (CA).
Thesis
2021-11-22T00:00:00ZA Sustainable Approach to Reduce Environmental Threats of Oxidative Degradation of Plastic FilmsAhmed, Samah Suliman Alhaj MohammedSupervisor, -Mohamed Deen Hussein Mohammedhttps://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/273252022-05-11T06:37:28Z2021-12-29T00:00:00ZA Sustainable Approach to Reduce Environmental Threats of Oxidative Degradation of Plastic Films
Ahmed, Samah Suliman Alhaj Mohammed; Supervisor, -Mohamed Deen Hussein Mohammed
Plastic pollution of the environment is a serious since the plastics production worldwide now is about 400 million tons. Many items of plastics products cannot be collected in order to recycle. The recycled plastics is less than 9%. It takes very long time degrades in the soil about one hundred year. Polyethylene is the most widely used plastic in the world. The major product of polyethylene is the films which is difficult collect after being used therefore it is a major pollutant to the environment.
For many decades the scientists are searching for method to degrade specially PE films. The researches are carried into chemical and biological routes and some other researches to replace PE with another plastic that degrade easily in nature. The fruit of these researches is to add small amount of transitional metal organic salt can lead to the degradation of PE in a short time. The most effective metals found are manganese and cobalt. Many materials has been introduced in this field. To judge upon suitability of these products ASTM D6954 and BS 8472 are issued. It verify that the product is suitable for food contact and does not affect the recycling if carried.
Thesis
2021-12-29T00:00:00Z