Volume 16 No. 1https://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/163482024-03-28T07:02:09Z2024-03-28T07:02:09ZAnalysis of Risk Factors Associated with Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in Dairy Animals from Khartoum State, SudanIbrahim , Abdalla MohamedIsmail , Ahmed AliAngara , Tamador Elkhansa Elnourhttps://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/163502017-05-03T06:59:57Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZAnalysis of Risk Factors Associated with Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in Dairy Animals from Khartoum State, Sudan
Ibrahim , Abdalla Mohamed; Ismail , Ahmed Ali; Angara , Tamador Elkhansa Elnour
A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2012 and April 2014 to determine the sero-prevalence and the main risk factors associated with the N. caninum infection in dairy cattle and co-herded camels, sheep and goats in dairy farms from the Khartoum State. A total of 906 serum samples from 645 dairy cows, 61 camels, 100 sheep and 100 goats were examined for specific N. caninum IgG antibodies using Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (cELISA) Diagnostic kits (VMRD). The overall seroprevalence of N. caninum at herd and individual levels were 32.2% (56/174) and 8.8% (80/906) respectively. The highest percent inhibition (pi) recorded was 93% with mean of 38.7�12.3 and 39.3�13.9 at herd and individual level respectively. Possible association of the N. caninum infection with the investigated risk factors was analyzed by univariate analysis and variables significant at p?0.25 were included in multivariate logistic regression models. The results showed that, There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the seroprevalence of N. caninum among the regions and the different animal species. The univariate analysis included production system, source of concentrate, keeping dogs, other diseases (Toxoplasmosis) as risk factors associated with cELISA positive status of N. caninum infection. Region, herd size, herd type, source of fodder, brucellosis and stray dogs were not significant risk factors (p>0.05). The multivariate analysis indicated only production system (Intensive, p=0.019) and source of concentrate (Readymade, p=0.007) as the statistically significant (p<0.05) risk factors of being Neospora cELISA positive. The study also reported occurrence of abortion (72.4%), repeat breeding (76.3%), and stillbirth (18.4%) during interview with the owners of the investigated dairy herds. Interestingly, 18.2% of the aborted dams have repeated abortions. In conclusion, the authors believe that, the results of this study may provide a comprehensive data explaining the association of the main possible risk factors with N. caninum seropositivity in dairy animals. Research on abortifacients agents such as Neospora, Brucella, Toxoplasma and Listeria collectively is recommended to evaluate their individual role in the severe economical losses in dairy farm industry and for control strategy.
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2015-01-01T00:00:00ZAnalysis of Risk Factors Associated with Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dairy Animals from Khartoum State, SudanIbrahim , Abdalla MohamedIsmail , Ahmed AliAngara , Tamador Elkhansa Elnourhttps://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/163522017-05-03T07:17:50Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZAnalysis of Risk Factors Associated with Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dairy Animals from Khartoum State, Sudan
Ibrahim , Abdalla Mohamed; Ismail , Ahmed Ali; Angara , Tamador Elkhansa Elnour
A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2012 and April 2014 to determine the sero-prevalence and the main risk factors associated with the T. gondii infection in dairy cattle and co-herded camels, sheep and goats in dairy farms from Khartoum State. A total of 1477 serum samples from 1216 dairy cows, 61 camels, 100 sheep and 100 goats were examined for specific T. gondii IgG antibodies using Latex Agglutination Test (LAT). The overall seroprevalence determined were 92.7% and 45.3% at herd and individual level, respectively. The antibody levels ranged from 1:2 to 1:32 in cattle and camels and up to 1:128 in sheep and goats. Possible association of the infection with the investigated risk factors was analyzed by univariate analysis and variables significant at p?0.25 were included in multivariate logistic regression models. The results showed that, the differences between the seven localities of the State and the four animal�s species were statistically highly significant (p<0.01). The univariate analysis included herd type, source of fodder, source of water, neosporosis, keeping cats, stray cats, keeping both dogs and cats and presence of both stray dogs and cats as risk factors associate with LAT positive status of T. gondii infection. Districts, production system, herd size, source of concentrate, brucellosis and presence of stray cats were not significant risk factors. The multivariate analysis indicated region (Omdurman and Bahri), Animal species (sheep), source of water (common canal) and source of fodder (prepared in the farm) as the significant (p<0.05) risk factors of T. gondii LAT seropositivity. The study also reported occurrence of abortion (72.4%), repeat breeding (76.3%), repeated abortion (18.2%) and stillbirth (18.4%) during interview with the owners of the investigated dairy herds. Interestingly, 61.8% of the interviewed farmers send their dairy animals with reproduction problems to slaughter houses. Generally, this is the first comprehensive report on risk factors associated with seropositivity of T. gondii infection in dairy animals in Sudan. The study concluded that dairy animals in the Sudan are widely exposed to T. gondii infection and Sudanese people are at risk of toxoplasmosis.
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2015-01-01T00:00:00ZEffect of Different Feeding Performance on Some Blood Constituents of Sudanese Camels (Camelus dromedarius)Mohamedain ,Nazik . M .Fadlalla , I. M . T.Barri , M . EAbdel-Aziz , B . Ehttps://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/163512017-05-03T07:10:06Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZEffect of Different Feeding Performance on Some Blood Constituents of Sudanese Camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Mohamedain ,Nazik . M .; Fadlalla , I. M . T.; Barri , M . E; Abdel-Aziz , B . E
This work was designed to study the effect of different feeding performance on blood constituents of the one- humped camel (Camelus dromedaries). 45 camels (18-24 months) of age, weighing 190-260 kg body weight were utilized in this study. The camels were divided into two groups, zero grazing group (15 Darfurian and 10 Butana) fed concentrate ration composed of traditional ingredients such as sorghum as the main source of energy, groundnut cake as a source of protein, Dura whitings as roughages, sugar cane molasses and urea as major sources of energy and nitrogen.The 2nd group was a free grazing camel (11 Darfurian and 9 Butana) with out any supplement. Blood was collected weekly for 120 days after two weeks that served as adaptation period. Different blood constituents were estimated using standard analytical methods. The results revealed a significant increase (p< 0.05) in the concentrations of plasma glucose, cholesterol, serum urea, creatinine, sodium, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase in the blood of the zero grazing group compared to the free grazing group. However, highly significant increases (p< 0.05) in triglycerides were found in the blood of the free grazing group. Availability of feed could induce significant physiological and biochemical changes in the camel and therefore, it is beneficial to provide concentrate feed to camels kept under controlled management system.
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2015-01-01T00:00:00ZImmunohistochemical Detection of P53 and Bcl-2 in Esophageal TumorsElkareem , Abuelgasim Abass AwadHassan , Malaz Motasimhttps://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/163532017-05-03T07:24:28Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZImmunohistochemical Detection of P53 and Bcl-2 in Esophageal Tumors
Elkareem , Abuelgasim Abass Awad; Hassan , Malaz Motasim
This study aimed to detect the expression of P53 and Bcl-2 proteins in esophageal tumors using immunohistochemical method. 50 formalin fixed paraffin blocks (FFPB) previously diagnosed as esophageal tumors (40 of them were malignant tumors and 10 were benign tumors). FFPB were cut then stained using immunohistochemical method for the detection of P53 and Bcl2. The age of study samples ranged between 8 and 85 years with mean age of 60 years. The study population included 32 (64%) male and 18 (36%) females. Out of the 40 malignant samples, 34 samples were squamous cell carcinoma and 6 were adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemical expression of P53 was detected in 23 (46%) sample, (all of them were malignant), and negative in 27 (54%) samples (17samples (34%) of them were malignant and the remaining 10 samples (20%) were benign) with statistical association between P53 expression and malignant tumors of the esophagus (P.value =0.001). Out of 23 positive samples, 19 (38%) were squamous cell carcinoma, and 4 (8%) were adenocarcinoma with no statistical association between the type of tumor and P53 expression (P.value = 0.622). The expression of p53 was compared with degree of histological differentiation and was detected in 11(22%) samples of moderately differentiated tumors, and 11(22%) samples of poorly differentiated tumors with statistical association with the grade of tumor (P.value =0.002). Immunohistochemical expression of bcl2 was detected in 5 (10%) samples and negative in 45 (90%) samples (35 (70%) of them were malignant and 10 (20%) were benign) with no statistical association between Bcl-2 expression and esophageal tumors (P.value =0.239). Out of 5 samples expressing Bcl-2, 4 (8%) of them were squamous cell carcinoma and only one (2%) was adenocarcinoma with no statistical association between Bcl-2 expression and type of cancer (P.value =0.738). Comparing the expression of bcl-2 and the grade of the tumor the positive result was detected in 2 (4%) samples of moderately differentiated tumors and 3 (6%) samples of poorly differentiated tumors with no relation between the histologic grade of tumor and Bcl-2 expression (P.value =0.857). This study concludes that there is association between P53 expression and malignant tumors of esophagus and with histological differentiation of tumor, with no association with type of tumor. Bcl- 2 expression is not associated with both type of tumor and the histological grade of tumor.
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2015-01-01T00:00:00Z