Abstract:
Early pregnancy failure is a general term that indicate failure of
a clinically recognized pregnancy to progress to fetal viability.
This study was carried out during December 2011 to April 2012. A total 52 patients were investigated by ultrasound machine in Elmanagil hospital Sudan, and Balsam clinic center Sudan.
The study is revealed that the highest incidence of spontaneous abortion is incomplete abortion (49%) followed by missed abortion (21.2%) and then complete abortion (17.3%), other type of early pregnancy failure is an embryonic pregnancy (blighted ovum) which approximate in this study (11.5%), and also ectopic pregnancy (1.9%). The incomplete abortion is more common in age from 31-40 years which associated with infection, and the complete abortion is more common in age more than 40years which associated with hypertensive and diabetes mellitus.
In this study I found that house wives are commonly suffering from early pregnancy failure.
Habits in early pregnancy as drugs ingestion (especially antibiotics and anti malaria) found in20.2%, in this study I found relationship between the drug ingestion and past history of abortion , and no sources found for radiation exposure.
The multipara women are the most who have early pregnancy failure (73.1%) followed by nuliparas(17.3%) and then grand multiparas(9.6%).
The vaginal bleeding is most presenting complying in early pregnancy failure which score (69.2%) followed by lower abdominal pain (28.9%) and Amenorrhea (1.9%). In associated diseases, infection is the highest causes of early Pregnancy failure (38.5%) comparing with the other factors, followed by hypertension (9.6%), diabetes mellitus (3.8%) and myomas (1.9%) and nothing (46.2%).
The incidence of visible gestational sac is (48.1%) and non visible gestational sac (51.9%). It is important to note that the pregnancy failure is not related to invisible gestational sac. It can be used as indicator for pregnancy failure in ultrasound examination.
The location of visible gestation sac, intra uterine is (46.2%) and extra uterine (1.9%) and not exist (51.9%).
The shape of gestation sac is distorted in (40.4%) of cases and not exist in (59.6%). The size of visible gestation sac is abnormal in(43.3%) and not exist in (56.7%).
The invisible embryo appears in (22.1%) and not appears in (23.1%) and not exists in (54.8%). CRL is abnormal in (14.4%) and not exist in (85.6%).
The cardiac activities appears abnormal in (23.1%) and not exist in (76.9%).
The most common laboratory test requested for women in this study is HCG and all are positive scoring 100%.
All established diagnosis of early pregnancy failures involving in this study are confirmed by trans-abdominal (38.5%) and trans- vaginal ultrasound (61.5%).