Abstract:
A cross-sectional study conducted during the period from February 2012 to
May 2012 to determine and to evaluate the plasma levels of urea nitrogen
(BUN), creatinine and albumin in Sudanese with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 100
Sudanese with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as a test group from Jabir
Abulizz Diabetes Centre in Khartoum state, Sudan. The test group was
compared with a control group, which included 50 apparently healthy
volunteers. Blood specimens were collected from both groups, and the plasma
levels of BUN, creatinine and albumin, in addition to fasting plasma glucose
(FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined.
Age and gender of the test group were matched with the control group. The
plasma levels of BUN, creatinine, albumin, glucose and HbA1c were measured
used spectrophotometeric methods with commercial kits from Biosystem
Company. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 16) computer
software was used for data analysis.
The results of this study indicated a significantly raised means of the plasma
levels of BUN and creatinine of the test group when compared with the control
group, whereas the mean of the plasma levels of albumin of the test group
showed a significant reduction when compared with that of the control group.
The results of this study also indicated a significant elevations of the mean of
the plasma levels of BUN, and creatinine among diabetic patients with
ischemic heart disease when compared with those without ischemic heart
disease, whereas the mean of the plasma levels of albumin among diabetic
patients with ischemic heart disease showed significantly decreased when
compared with those without ischemic heart disease.
The means of the plasma levels of BUN, and creatinine among diabetic patients
with hypertension were significantly raised when compared with those without
hypertension, whereas the means of the serum levels of albumin among
diabetic patients with hypertension were found to be significantly decreased
when compared with diabetics without the disease.The results of the current study indicated to significant strong positive
correlations between the body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and the plasma levels
of BUN and creatinine, and showed significant moderate positive correlations
between the duration of diabetes (in year) and the plasma levels of BUN and
creatinine whereas there was a significant moderate negative correlation
between the duration of diabetes (in year) and the plasma levels of albumin.
The present study, showed significant strong positive correlations between the
HbA1c of diabetic patients and the plasma levels of BUN, and creatinine, and
also showed a significant moderate negative correlation between the BMI and
the HbA1c of diabetic patients and the plasma levels of albumin.
The present study also showed a significant strong positive correlation between
FPG and the HbA1C.
In conclusion; the current study indicates that the plasma levels of BUN and
creatinine are important markers for evaluation of renal disease, because they
are significantly correlated with the duration of diabetes and BMI which are a
risk factors for renal disease, so they can be used as prognostic markers and for
prediction of renal flair and in follow up of diabetic patients especially in those
with complications such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease.